Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Eight weeks of a Lactobacillus/Pediococcus probiotic blend lowered liver enzymes, weight, and cholesterol in MASLD patients, alongside stool microbiome shifts.

Parkinson's patients had a distinct, potentially pro-inflammatory microbiota in the deep nasal sinus cavity near the olfactory bulb. Moraxella catarrhalis was enriched in patients and correlated with more severe motor scores, while short-chain-fatty-acid-producing bacteria were reduced.

In vitro pectin fermentation of human fecal samples raised Clostridium cluster XIV bacteria, especially Lachnospira, alongside acetate and butyrate production.

Household food insecurity did not change gut microbial diversity in Ethiopian schoolchildren but significantly shifted overall microbiome composition, with dietary deprivation proxies linked to altered community structure.

Postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes showed higher vaginal microbial diversity and reduced Lactobacillus dominance compared to healthy controls.

Colorectal cancer patients showed distinct gut microbial diversity and composition from their caregivers, with high sleep efficiency linked to greater microbial diversity in patients.

Comparing 61 elderly functional constipation patients with 48 healthy age-matched controls by 16S sequencing, the constipation group had significantly lower species diversity and a distinct gut microbiota profile, with several taxa decreased and others markedly increased.

Saliva-based shotgun metatranscriptomic profiling identified oral microbial and phage signatures that distinguished early stage Parkinson's disease from healthy controls with 84.5% accuracy.

Gut microbiota composition differs across diabetic patients with retinopathy, diabetic patients without retinopathy, and healthy controls, with a 25-family biomarker set distinguishing retinopathy cases.

Among 42 metastatic melanoma patients, baseline gut microbiome composition tracked with response to anti-PD-1 therapy, and transplanting responder stool into germ-free mice improved tumor control, boosted T cell activity, and enhanced anti-PD-L1 efficacy.

Trichuris trichiura infection was linked to consistent depletion of SCFA producers and enrichment of mucin-degrading gut bacteria across three continents.

Shotgun metagenomics found lower Firmicutes/Lactobacillus and higher Gardnerella, Prevotella, Actinobacteria and viral abundance in the vaginal microbiome of HPV16-positive women, yielding validated predictive biomarkers.

Gynecologic cancer patients had lower Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and 16 dysbiosis-linked phylogroups enriched versus healthy postmenopausal women.

Severe pediatric ulcerative colitis showed sharply reduced gut microbial richness, with Firmicutes down and Proteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria) up versus healthy controls.

In obese women losing equal weight, sleeve gastrectomy shifted the gut toward Bacteroidetes and reduced butyrate-producing bacteria, while a very low calorie diet did the opposite and raised butyrate producers.

Fecal microbiota profiles differed by constipation subtype, and depression and poor sleep independently predicted shifts in specific bacterial families among constipation patients.

In Moroccan adolescents with JP2-genotype Grade C periodontitis, a subgingival dysbiosis index separated diseased deep pockets from healthy sites with 95 percent accuracy, and non-oral gram-negative rods made up roughly 30 percent of the diseased bacteriome.

Parenteral ampicillin and gentamicin in newborns raised Proteobacteria and lowered Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus at 4 weeks post-treatment.

Asthmatic patients showed significantly greater nasal microbiome alpha diversity than controls, and meta-analysis across two ancestry cohorts identified 11 microbial species associated with asthma.

In HIV-positive adults on antiretroviral therapy, the mucosal intestinal microbiome differed significantly from HIV-negative controls, with more biofilm-forming, pathogenic, and Gram-negative bacteria, while the oral (saliva) microbiome showed no significant change.

In 58 patients with fatty liver disease, those who also had colorectal adenoma showed gut dysbiosis, with Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides ovatus and Muribaculaceae enriched. The team found 75 differentially abundant taxa and 116 differential metabolites separating the two groups.

In 91 steroid-naive autoimmune hepatitis patients, the gut microbiome had lower diversity, depleted anaerobes, and expanded pathobionts including Veillonella, which correlated with aspartate aminotransferase and liver inflammation; a four-genus panel separated patients from controls with about 0.8 accuracy.

Gastric cancer patients showed gut microbiota shifts with higher Escherichia/Shigella, Veillonella, and Clostridium XVIII and lower Bacteroides than healthy controls, and radical distal gastrectomy further reshaped composition while reducing fecal valerate.

Gut microbiota composition differed by sex and stool consistency, but not by age or sex, in alpha-diversity among 277 healthy Japanese adults.