Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

After gastric cancer surgery, the salivary microbiota lost bacterial species and shifted composition, and some genera changed in parallel in both saliva and gastric fluid. Shared saliva-stomach species fell about 9.7 percent, showing a close link between the mouth and stomach.

Food-restricted rats showed higher Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Prevotella and Enterococcus, and lower Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, than rats fed ad libitum.

Colorectal cancer patients showed distinct gut microbial diversity and composition from their caregivers, with high sleep efficiency linked to greater microbial diversity in patients.

Comparing short-read and long-read 16S rRNA sequencing of mucosal microbiota, only Ruminococcus gnavus was consistently elevated in patients with bowel polyps versus those without.

Comparing 61 elderly functional constipation patients with 48 healthy age-matched controls by 16S sequencing, the constipation group had significantly lower species diversity and a distinct gut microbiota profile, with several taxa decreased and others markedly increased.

In 61 women undergoing hysterectomy, the vaginal microbiome tracked endometrial cancer grade and histology. A three-species model separated cancer from benign disease with a mean AUC of 0.878, and Fusobacterium ulcerans was uniquely enriched in high-grade tumors.

In 193 apartments across Finland and Lithuania, energy retrofits changed indoor microbial communities in country-dependent ways. After retrofits, Finnish homes carried a smaller share of human-sourced bacteria, and outdoor temperature and ventilation type also influenced indoor bacteria and fungi.

Deep metagenomic sequencing of airways from 85 people found a stable 18-gene core resistome dominated by macrolide resistance genes, present even in healthy antibiotic-naive individuals and independent of disease status or recent antibiotic exposure.

Captive environments reshaped the wolf gut microbiome, making its carbohydrate-active enzymes and virulence factors resemble those of domestic dogs. Captivity raised virulence-factor diversity in wolves, which may increase the pathogenic potential of their gut microbiome.

A randomized-controlled trial found that saccharin and sucralose, but not aspartame or stevia, impaired human glycemic responses in a microbiome-dependent, person-specific manner.

A single feeding rapidly reshaped the clownfish gut microbiome. One sequence variant rose from under 0.5 percent of reads before feeding to 34 percent just 1.5 hours after feeding, showing that the act of eating, not diet type, destabilizes the gut community.

Among HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy, an NRTI+INSTI regimen was linked to systemic inflammation levels comparable to uninfected controls, unlike other regimens.

Fecal microbiota profiles differed by constipation subtype, and depression and poor sleep independently predicted shifts in specific bacterial families among constipation patients.

Asthmatic patients showed significantly greater nasal microbiome alpha diversity than controls, and meta-analysis across two ancestry cohorts identified 11 microbial species associated with asthma.

In HIV-positive adults on antiretroviral therapy, the mucosal intestinal microbiome differed significantly from HIV-negative controls, with more biofilm-forming, pathogenic, and Gram-negative bacteria, while the oral (saliva) microbiome showed no significant change.

Gut microbiota composition differed by sex and stool consistency, but not by age or sex, in alpha-diversity among 277 healthy Japanese adults.

Comparing two DNA extraction and two library preparation methods on ancient dental calculus, wet-lab protocols strongly biased recovered oral microbiome data. Effects were pronounced in well-preserved samples, while the QG plus single-stranded library approach best recovered authentic ancient DNA from poorly preserved samples.

Female anorexia nervosa patients showed significantly lower total bacteria, obligate anaerobes, and Bacteroides fragilis group counts than healthy controls.

A crossover trial found ketogenic and vegan diets drive opposite immune signatures, upregulating adaptive versus innate/antiviral pathways respectively, while both reshape gut microbial amino acid metabolism.

Using 16S sequencing, researchers detected bacteria in the uterus and ovarian cyst fluid of women with endometriosis that culture methods missed, and found GnRH agonist treatment lowered protective Lactobacillaceae while raising Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae.

Found Bacteroidetes dominant in Qatari salivary microbiome, with lower diversity and altered genera linked to age, smoking, and oral disease.

On four wild Asian amphibian species, infection with the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was linked to shifts in both skin bacteria and fungi. Infected frogs showed more Proteobacteria and less Bacteroidota, and anti-Bd bacterial richness tracked infection status and intensity.

Using full-length 16S sequencing of saliva, pituitary adenoma patients showed greater salivary microbial diversity than healthy people. Each of four tumor phenotypes carried unique genera, and single genera distinguished the ACTH, GH, and PRL subtypes with AUC values of 0.91 to 0.93.

Oral Lactobacillus probiotics cut the colon tumour formation rate in mice from 96.67% to 13.33% and shrank tumour volume by about 65%, partly by depleting serine to lower sphingosine and dampen sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling.