Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

A 616-participant fecal metagenomic and metabolomic study found stage-specific gut microbiota shifts, with Fusobacterium nucleatum rising progressively and bile acids like deoxycholate elevated in early adenoma-to-carcinoma stages.

In Brazilian women with deep endometriosis, bacteria were detected inside the endometriotic lesions themselves, and these deep lesions showed greater bacterial diversity with relatively less Lactobacillus than paired vaginal fluid and eutopic endometrium.

In older adults free of prior stroke, high stroke-risk was linked to more opportunistic gut pathogens, fewer butyrate producers, and lower fecal butyrate.

In postmenopausal women, menopausal hormone therapy was linked to lower bone-turnover markers alongside distinct shifts in gut microbial diversity and composition.

Inflammatory bowel disease patients showed depletion of butyrate- and propionate-producing genera in the mucosa-associated microbiome, most notably Faecalibacterium loss in Crohn's disease colon tissue.

A high-protein low-carbohydrate diet altered gut microbiota composition, including a phylum-level rise in Fusobacteria, more in obese cats than in lean cats.

Fecal 16S rRNA sequencing found distinct gut microbiota alterations in Chinese Parkinson's disease patients, with several genera linked to disease duration, medication dose, and cognitive symptoms.

In 23 dogs with atopic dermatitis, gut diversity was lower than in 11 healthy dogs and fell with disease severity. Sixteen weeks of a three-strain probiotic cut the mean CADESI-4 score from 24.6 to 19.0, and only dogs that gained microbial diversity improved.

In 59 Brazilian newborns, differences between cesarean and vaginal delivery did not appear in meconium but emerged in the transitional stool passed afterward. Vaginally delivered babies gained specific gut genera and matured microbial metabolic functions, while cesarean babies did not.

Pyrosequencing of Thai vegetarian and non-vegetarian gut microflora found Prevotella copri dominant in vegetarians and Bacteroides vulgatus plus Escherichia hermanii-related bacteria dominant in non-vegetarians.

Faecal metagenomic gene markers, validated with qPCR across four countries, distinguished colorectal cancer patients from controls with up to 0.84 AUC.

In a 12-week randomized placebo-controlled trial, adults with metabolic syndrome risk factors who took Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MSMC39-1 and Bifidobacterium animalis TA-1 lowered LDL cholesterol by about 40 mg/dl versus placebo, with gains in beneficial gut genera.

Rural Burkina Faso children on a high-fiber diet had more Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, and short-chain fatty acids, and fewer Enterobacteriaceae, than European children.

Children with pulmonary arterial hypertension from congenital heart disease showed distinct gut-lung axis microbiome and metabolome signatures compared to healthy peers.

Pediatric OSA showed distinct upper airway microbial diversity across nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal sites, with Neisseria abundance correlating to apnea severity before adeno-tonsillectomy.

In postmenopausal women, higher visceral fat area tracked with a more pro-inflammatory gut microbiome and elevated markers of metabolic endotoxemia.

Moroccan colorectal cancer patients showed elevated Firmicutes, Clostridia, and Fusobacteria alongside depleted Bacteroidetes compared to healthy stool samples.

Parenteral ampicillin and gentamicin in newborns raised Proteobacteria and lowered Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus at 4 weeks post-treatment.

Colorectal cancer patients showed distinct gut microbial diversity and composition from their caregivers, with high sleep efficiency linked to greater microbial diversity in patients.

Comparing 61 elderly functional constipation patients with 48 healthy age-matched controls by 16S sequencing, the constipation group had significantly lower species diversity and a distinct gut microbiota profile, with several taxa decreased and others markedly increased.

Tongue-coating fungal sequencing found increased richness and altered mycobiome composition in COVID-19 patients, with Candida among the enriched opportunistic genera used to build a diagnostic classifier.

Obese children showed lower abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii alongside reduced fungal richness compared to normal-weight peers.

Cross-country gut microbiome analysis found conserved bacterial signatures tied to soil-transmitted helminth infection, with Olsenella linked to reduced inflammation and clearance.

Fecal microbiota profiles differed by constipation subtype, and depression and poor sleep independently predicted shifts in specific bacterial families among constipation patients.