Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Among 84 adults with severe pneumonia, those positive for influenza virus had lung communities dominated by Acinetobacter baumannii, whereas influenza-negative patients were dominated by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Klebsiella was more abundant in the influenza-negative group.

In a Tunisian cohort, the ocular surface microbiome was significantly altered in glaucoma and dry eye disease, with opportunistic bacteria rising across all patient groups and the combined glaucoma-plus-dry-eye group showing the most pronounced dysbiosis.

Captive environments reshaped the wolf gut microbiome, making its carbohydrate-active enzymes and virulence factors resemble those of domestic dogs. Captivity raised virulence-factor diversity in wolves, which may increase the pathogenic potential of their gut microbiome.

Deep metagenomic sequencing of airways from 85 people found a stable 18-gene core resistome dominated by macrolide resistance genes, present even in healthy antibiotic-naive individuals and independent of disease status or recent antibiotic exposure.

Shotgun metagenomics found Burkholderiaceae enrichment and a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio distinguish cystic fibrosis lung microbiota from non-CF bronchiectasis.

Fermented corn-soybean meal boosted serum IgG and IgM in grower-finisher pigs while shifting gut bacteria toward Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and altering colonic metabolites.

In 150 people, saliva and tongue coating from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and at-risk individuals shared a proinflammatory profile, with Prevotella and Veillonella enriched versus healthy controls, while subgingival plaque and periodontal measures did not differ.

In 193 apartments across Finland and Lithuania, energy retrofits changed indoor microbial communities in country-dependent ways. After retrofits, Finnish homes carried a smaller share of human-sourced bacteria, and outdoor temperature and ventilation type also influenced indoor bacteria and fungi.

A controlled prebiotic-spike experiment found strong, predictable strain- and gene-level microbial responses, yet diet-induced stress and reduced biodiversity rather than reduced day-to-day variability.

Gastric cancer patients showed gut microbiota shifts with higher Escherichia/Shigella, Veillonella, and Clostridium XVIII and lower Bacteroides than healthy controls, and radical distal gastrectomy further reshaped composition while reducing fecal valerate.

Combined human and rat data show that suppressing the parasympathetic nervous system shifts the gut microbiota, with distinct bacterial taxa marking mild cognitive impairment versus Alzheimer's disease.

In 200 Indian women (140 term, 60 preterm) with 600 vaginal swabs, Lactobacillus dominated term pregnancies while anaerobes rose early in preterm cases. A translated PCR-dipstick assay detected risk-associated bacteria with 74.2 percent sensitivity and 67.1 percent specificity.

In 58 patients with fatty liver disease, those who also had colorectal adenoma showed gut dysbiosis, with Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides ovatus and Muribaculaceae enriched. The team found 75 differentially abundant taxa and 116 differential metabolites separating the two groups.

Diabetic children with dry eye showed significantly lower ocular surface microbial diversity than healthy children, with distinct disease and metabolism related functional genes.

In Moroccan adolescents with JP2-genotype Grade C periodontitis, a subgingival dysbiosis index separated diseased deep pockets from healthy sites with 95 percent accuracy, and non-oral gram-negative rods made up roughly 30 percent of the diseased bacteriome.

Three of four multi-strain Bifidobacterium/Lactobacillus probiotic blends relieved loperamide-induced constipation in mice, but the Bifidobacteria-dominated formulas did so by reshaping gut flora, boosting SCFAs, and restoring motilin/VIP levels.

In a controlled trial of 24 healthy adults on a Western diet, four weeks of daily kombucha produced only modest gut microbiome shifts, enriching a kombucha-borne probiotic and other short-chain-fatty-acid producers, with no significant change in inflammation or most metabolic markers.

In 225 infants, several gut bacterial genera present at 3 to 6 months were reduced in children who later developed food sensitization or food allergy by age 3. The genus Dorea was lower in both outcomes, hinting the early microbiome may shape food allergy risk.

In a mouse model of colitis-associated cancer, gut dysbiosis with loss of bile acid-transforming bacteria accompanied severe mucosal injury and tumor formation.

Gut microbial diversity fell stepwise across 145 people, from healthy controls to hepatitis C without cirrhosis to hepatitis C with cirrhosis. Diversity dropped as liver stiffness rose, and both liver stage and HCV infection itself reshaped the microbial community.

A 616-participant fecal metagenomic and metabolomic study found stage-specific gut microbiota shifts, with Fusobacterium nucleatum rising progressively and bile acids like deoxycholate elevated in early adenoma-to-carcinoma stages.

In Brazilian women with deep endometriosis, bacteria were detected inside the endometriotic lesions themselves, and these deep lesions showed greater bacterial diversity with relatively less Lactobacillus than paired vaginal fluid and eutopic endometrium.

In older adults free of prior stroke, high stroke-risk was linked to more opportunistic gut pathogens, fewer butyrate producers, and lower fecal butyrate.

In postmenopausal women, menopausal hormone therapy was linked to lower bone-turnover markers alongside distinct shifts in gut microbial diversity and composition.