Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Machine learning of vaginal microbiome data found Ralstonia enrichment most predictive of cervical cancer, alongside elevated Lactobacillus iners.

Gut bacteria differed sharply between viral and non-viral liver cancer. A 16-genus signature separated the two with an AUC of 0.94, and non-viral cases showed fewer butyrate producers, less fecal butyrate, and higher blood markers of microbial leakage.

In 178 African-origin adults, high lead and arsenic exposure shifted gut microbiota diversity and taxa linked to obesity, diabetes, and blood glucose dysregulation.

Women with gynecologic cancer show a distinct vaginal microbiome, with Lactobacillus loss predicting cancer risk at 84.96% accuracy.

COVID-19 patients had reduced gut microbial diversity with more opportunistic pathogens compared with healthy people and seasonal flu patients. Fecal IL-18 was elevated, and highest in stool samples that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

After gastric cancer surgery, the salivary microbiota lost bacterial species and shifted composition, and some genera changed in parallel in both saliva and gastric fluid. Shared saliva-stomach species fell about 9.7 percent, showing a close link between the mouth and stomach.

Gut Klebsiella and Megasphaera tracked with obesity in African American children while oral Aggregatibacter and Eikenella tracked with obesity in European American children, showing ethnicity-specific microbial obesity signatures.

According to PubMed, FMT successfully altered gut microbiota composition and function in IBS patients, but this modulation was not linked to symptom relief (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-024-00549-x).

The follicular skin microbiome in hidradenitis suppurativa differed significantly from that of healthy controls in both lesional and nonlesional skin, with Propionibacterium depleted in HS and a distinct Porphyromonas and Peptoniphilus community (type IV) present only in HS lesions.

Cerebral infarction patients showed 72 significantly altered gut taxa versus healthy controls, with 22 identified as candidate microbial biomarkers.

During IVF, supraphysiological estradiol shifted the vaginal microbiome toward Lactobacillus dominance and cut diversity, but this did not improve pregnancy outcomes. Streptococcus rose with estradiol and predicted failed pregnancy, marking it as a possible mediator of poor reproductive success.

In 10 adults with acute myeloid leukemia, the first bout of neutropenic fever during induction chemotherapy sharply reduced gut bacterial diversity. Enterococcus rose (mean +20.2 percent) while Escherichia fell (mean -11.2 percent), and diversity stayed low even after bone marrow recovery.

Using full-length 16S sequencing of saliva, pituitary adenoma patients showed greater salivary microbial diversity than healthy people. Each of four tumor phenotypes carried unique genera, and single genera distinguished the ACTH, GH, and PRL subtypes with AUC values of 0.91 to 0.93.

Comparing short-read and long-read 16S rRNA sequencing of mucosal microbiota, only Ruminococcus gnavus was consistently elevated in patients with bowel polyps versus those without.

Found Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis almost exclusively in adenoids, not palatine tonsils, in children.

Fermented corn-soybean meal boosted serum IgG and IgM in grower-finisher pigs while shifting gut bacteria toward Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and altering colonic metabolites.

Using 16S sequencing, researchers detected bacteria in the uterus and ovarian cyst fluid of women with endometriosis that culture methods missed, and found GnRH agonist treatment lowered protective Lactobacillaceae while raising Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae.

Female anorexia nervosa patients showed significantly lower total bacteria, obligate anaerobes, and Bacteroides fragilis group counts than healthy controls.

Distinct oral microbial and metabolic signatures marked depression in patients, and transplanting stressed-mouse saliva into germ-free mice induced depression-like behavior via oral dysbiosis.

Captive environments reshaped the wolf gut microbiome, making its carbohydrate-active enzymes and virulence factors resemble those of domestic dogs. Captivity raised virulence-factor diversity in wolves, which may increase the pathogenic potential of their gut microbiome.

Deep metagenomic sequencing of airways from 85 people found a stable 18-gene core resistome dominated by macrolide resistance genes, present even in healthy antibiotic-naive individuals and independent of disease status or recent antibiotic exposure.

In 700 Danish children followed from birth, the early-life gut microbiome showed few consistent links to bone health at age 6, though higher Sutterella at 1 year and Escherichia-Shigella at 1 month were each tied to lower bone mineral density.

Levodopa-carbidopa intrajejunal gel therapy for Parkinson disease was linked to higher fecal Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia, and Serratia, and lower Firmicutes and Blautia, than oral levodopa.

In a controlled trial of 24 healthy adults on a Western diet, four weeks of daily kombucha produced only modest gut microbiome shifts, enriching a kombucha-borne probiotic and other short-chain-fatty-acid producers, with no significant change in inflammation or most metabolic markers.