Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

In postmenopausal women, higher visceral fat area tracked with a more pro-inflammatory gut microbiome and elevated markers of metabolic endotoxemia.

Cross-border female sex workers in China showed a distinct vaginal bacterial structure from non-sex workers, with one disease-related genus detected in 91.3% of sex workers versus none of the controls, though Lactobacillus dominance was similar.

Kenyan colorectal cancer patients showed depletion of Prevotella copri and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, with gut microbial community composition differing significantly from healthy controls.

Comparing 30 healthy people, 30 initial and 30 recurrent tuberculosis patients, gut microbiota, T-cell subsets, and cytokines differed by disease stage. Recurrent-TB patients had the lowest CD4 counts and CD4/CD8 ratios, higher IL-6, and lower IL-4. A 20-genus panel separated patients from controls with AUC up to 0.807.

Found baseline Proteobacteria abundance and later Enterococcaceae or Streptococcaceae dominance predicted infection risk during ALL chemotherapy.

Endoscopic brush sampling of 174 mucus samples showed mucosa-associated dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn's disease diverged more from controls than ulcerative colitis, with more Escherichia and Ruminococcus gnavus and fewer Faecalibacterium and Roseburia.

Gut microbiome composition during COVID-19 hospitalization correlated with disease severity and fecal viral shedding, distinguishing patients from healthy and pneumonia controls.

In the first study of gut fungi in tuberculosis, both bacterial and fungal microbiota were disrupted in TB patients, and first-line anti-TB drugs severely distorted the bacterial-fungal network, rebuilding it into a fungus-enriched dysbiotic state by six months.

The buccal microbiome differed between uveitic glaucoma and open-angle glaucoma, with Lactobacillus and Proteus depleted and Enterococcus enriched in uveitic glaucoma, suggesting microbiome composition may contribute to uveitic glaucoma pathogenesis.

In rats, transplanting gut microbiota from animals with coronary heart disease plus depression raised blood lipopolysaccharide, activated the heart and brain TLR4/MYD88/NF-kappaB inflammatory pathway, and induced myocardial damage and depressive behavior. Blocking TLR4 or transplanting healthy microbiota reversed these effects.

Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease medications each leave distinct, independent signatures on the gut microbiome after controlling for dozens of confounders.

Found chronic alcohol overconsumption enriched gut Proteobacteria and depleted Faecalibacterium, with lower fecal butyric acid.

In mouse models of acute pancreatitis, metagenomic and metabolomic profiling linked shifting gut flora, including Burkholderiales bacterium YL45 and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, to disease-associated lipid and amino acid metabolite changes.

Distinct gut bacterial genera, species, and predicted metabolic pathways distinguished immune checkpoint inhibitor responders from non-responders among individuals with non-melanoma skin cancers.

Patients with generalized anxiety disorder show reduced gut microbial diversity and SCFA-producing bacteria alongside overgrowth of Escherichia-Shigella, Fusobacterium, and Ruminococcus gnavus, a dysbiosis that persisted even after remission.

Found gastric mucosal microbiota shifts correlated with increased Foxp3+ Tregs and BDCA2+ pDCs in gastric cancer tissue.

Found HR-HPV infected South African women had significantly higher Aerococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae than LR-HPV or HPV-negative women.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma patients had salivary microbiomes enriched in potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus anginosus, Abiotrophia defectiva and Fusobacterium nucleatum, distinct from healthy controls. Cancer treatment further reduced diversity and shifted profiles, an effect still evident about four years later.

Tuberculosis patients had reduced gut bacterial and fungal diversity, with Bacteroides and Prevotella up and Blautia and Bifidobacterium down, plus Saccharomyces up and Aspergillus down. A combined six-genus bacterial-fungal panel distinguished TB from healthy controls with AUC 0.996.

In 193 apartments across Finland and Lithuania, energy retrofits changed indoor microbial communities in country-dependent ways. After retrofits, Finnish homes carried a smaller share of human-sourced bacteria, and outdoor temperature and ventilation type also influenced indoor bacteria and fungi.

Found a modified Mediterranean-ketogenic diet raised gut propionate and butyrate while shifting microbiota linked to Alzheimer's CSF biomarkers.

In seborrheic dermatitis, the scalp showed higher Malassezia and Staphylococcus and lower microbial diversity. A four-week recombinant human thymosin beta-4 gel outperformed 2 percent ketoconazole, improving symptoms and restoring microbiome balance for up to 20 weeks.

A CORDIOPREV analysis of over 1,300 participants found sex-specific gut microbiota shifts in coronary heart disease, pinpointing seven bacterial taxa, including Ruminococcaceae and Bilophila members, as key markers.

Pyrosequencing of Thai vegetarian and non-vegetarian gut microflora found Prevotella copri dominant in vegetarians and Bacteroides vulgatus plus Escherichia hermanii-related bacteria dominant in non-vegetarians.