Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Wild khulans harbor richer, more diverse gut microbiomes than captive khulans, with little evidence that waterhole microbiota shape the gut community.

Kenyan colorectal cancer patients showed depletion of Prevotella copri and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, with gut microbial community composition differing significantly from healthy controls.

Children with high dental caries risk were 21 times more likely to develop blood stream infection after hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Fecal microbiota transplantation from healthy rats reduced diet-induced urinary oxalate excretion and calcium oxalate crystal deposits in hyperoxaluria model rats.

Acute physiological fatigue shifted the salivary microbiome, discriminating fatigue status with an AUC of 0.948 across 15 key genera.

Comparing 30 healthy people, 30 initial and 30 recurrent tuberculosis patients, gut microbiota, T-cell subsets, and cytokines differed by disease stage. Recurrent-TB patients had the lowest CD4 counts and CD4/CD8 ratios, higher IL-6, and lower IL-4. A 20-genus panel separated patients from controls with AUC up to 0.807.

In 61 women undergoing hysterectomy, the vaginal microbiome tracked endometrial cancer grade and histology. A three-species model separated cancer from benign disease with a mean AUC of 0.878, and Fusobacterium ulcerans was uniquely enriched in high-grade tumors.

Newly diagnosed, medication-naive Chinese patients with Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment showed increased gut microbial beta-diversity and shifts in Bacteroides, Lachnospira, Ruminiclostridium_9, and Prevotella versus healthy controls.

Obese and normal-weight adults did not differ in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. Instead, obesity was defined by specific taxa and higher fecal short-chain fatty acids: total SCFAs reached 214 mM in obese versus 120 mM in normal-weight individuals, with acetate and butyrate significantly elevated.

In 63 preterm and term infants, intravenous amoxicillin/ceftazidime raised Enterococcus at the expense of Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus during the first two postnatal weeks, with the microbiota largely restored by six weeks and longer treatment leaving more lasting effects.

Endoscopic brush sampling of 174 mucus samples showed mucosa-associated dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn's disease diverged more from controls than ulcerative colitis, with more Escherichia and Ruminococcus gnavus and fewer Faecalibacterium and Roseburia.

In 180 Chinese adults, gut bacterial diversity was similar across prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and controls, but genus-level composition differed: Bacteroides fell in diabetes while Prevotella and Alloprevotella rose, and Proteobacteria was higher in prediabetes.

Infants with eczema at 18 months showed more diverse but aberrant intestinal microbiota, with fewer Bacteroidetes and more adult-type Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa than healthy at-risk controls.

Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice showed alveolar bone loss, more osteoclasts, and an altered oral microbiome, linking obesity to periodontitis susceptibility.

Among 267 Norwegian mother-infant pairs, environmental toxicants in breast milk, notably PBDE-28, PFOS, PFOA, and dioxin-like PCB-167, were linked to changes in the 1-month infant gut microbiome, including less diversity and altered short-chain fatty acids.

HIV-exposed uninfected infants had distinct gut microbiomes at 6 and 28 weeks that converged with unexposed infants by 62 weeks, mirroring the known window of higher infection risk and pointing to feeding pattern and maternal gut microbiota as drivers.

Using both short-read and long-read sequencing in 132 subjects, researchers found the fecal microbiota of people with colonic adenomatous polyps differed at the genus level from healthy controls, while overall diversity stayed similar, suggesting microbial shifts may accompany early colorectal carcinogenesis.

Colorectal cancer tissue microbiomes differ sharply by race and ethnicity, with distinct dominant taxa in Egyptian, African American, European American, and Kenyan patients.

A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial found heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 lowered cholesterol and boosted butyrate-linked Faecalibacterium and Anaerobutyricum in healthy adults.

Oral Bifidobacterium probiotics raised Treg, Tfr, and Breg cells and cut leptin nearly in half in gestational diabetes mice.

Gut bacterial dysbiosis was more pronounced in people with diabetic retinopathy than in type 2 diabetes without retinopathy or healthy controls.

In children with pulmonary tuberculosis, gut microbial diversity dropped, pro-inflammatory Prevotella and Enterococcus rose, and beneficial Ruminococcaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and F. prausnitzii declined.

In a Parkinson's mouse model, intestinal barrier disruption without systemic inflammation did not worsen motor deficits or brain pathology.

Preterm infants' gut microbiota grew more homogeneous by one month, with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus rising as pathogenic genera declined.