Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Maternal low-protein diet, not niacin deficiency, cut litter size and offspring growth while reducing short-chain-fatty-acid-producing gut bacteria in hamster offspring.

A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial found heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 lowered cholesterol and boosted butyrate-linked Faecalibacterium and Anaerobutyricum in healthy adults.

Adding gut microbiome data to age, race, and body mass index sharply improved detection of colon adenomas and carcinomas; a microbiome test raised a 65-year-old's probability of harboring an adenoma from 0.17 percent to 10.67 percent, more than a 50-fold gain.

In rural Nigerian adults, the urinary microbiome during urogenital schistosomiasis was dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, and immune-stimulatory taxa including Fusobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Enterococcus distinguished infection-induced bladder pathology from infection alone.

COVID-19 patients had reduced gut microbial diversity with more opportunistic pathogens compared with healthy people and seasonal flu patients. Fecal IL-18 was elevated, and highest in stool samples that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

In a Swedish cohort, women with endometriosis had lower overall gut microbial diversity than matched controls, and 12 bacterial genera across five classes differed in abundance, though within-cohort differences by disease site or treatment disappeared after correction for multiple testing.

Immunizing mice with a live Escherichia-Shigella vaccine raised IgM and IgG that cut the abundance of this keystone bacterium in the microbiome of Ixodes ricinus ticks that later fed on them, while leaving the mouse gut microbiota unchanged.

In 17 young adults with severe periodontitis, subgingival bacterial richness was higher in males, and the two sexes carried distinct plaque communities. Females were enriched for Fusobacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, while males carried more Pseudomonadales.

A 116-person Indonesian gut microbiome study finds rural-to-urban lifestyle transition reshapes microbiome composition, with community-level diet differences, not individual variation, driving divergence.

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, unlike most antibiotics, reduced the total gut fungal load in mice and infants, an effect driven by a bloom of Enterobacteriaceae, with Enterobacter hormaechei able to suppress fungi on its own.

In gastric cancer, Epstein-Barr virus positivity was linked to a distinct transcriptional and microbial profile. EBV-positive tumors showed upregulated immune and inflammatory genes and lower, less diverse gastric bacterial communities, with a small set of genera enriched while most taxa declined.

Feeding mice oats at the time of amoxicillin dosing (prophylactic timing) protected gut microbiome diversity from antibiotic damage better than starting oats before or after treatment, and shifted communities toward antibiotic stress management rather than carbohydrate scavenging.

In older adults free of prior stroke, high stroke-risk was linked to more opportunistic gut pathogens, fewer butyrate producers, and lower fecal butyrate.

Strain-level tracking of oral bacteria in Bangui children shows continuous oral-to-gut translocation linked to biomass overgrowth in the duodenum and biomass depletion, including of butyrate producers, in the colon of stunted children.

Depleted Bacteroides and Alistipes species correlated with higher inflammatory biomarkers in people with HIV, linking gut microbiota shifts to cardiovascular risk.

A title-only record indicates sibling microbial sharing may support metabolic functions that protect against allergy, though no abstract data confirm mechanisms or outcomes.

In the largest gut microbiome study of adult ADHD, four bacterial genera plus age, sex, and body mass index explained 15 percent of the variance in ADHD, distinguishing patients from controls with 74 percent sensitivity and 71 percent specificity.

A two-cohort shotgun metagenomic study of Parkinson's disease found Intestinimonas butyriciproducens consistently altered across four global cohorts, alongside shifts in microbial carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism.

Early gestational, but not late prenatal or postnatal, maternal glucocorticoid exposure in wild Assamese macaques was linked to lower offspring gut bacterial richness and effects that intensified with age.

Cross-border female sex workers in China showed a distinct vaginal bacterial structure from non-sex workers, with one disease-related genus detected in 91.3% of sex workers versus none of the controls, though Lactobacillus dominance was similar.

In 63 preterm and term infants, intravenous amoxicillin/ceftazidime raised Enterococcus at the expense of Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus during the first two postnatal weeks, with the microbiota largely restored by six weeks and longer treatment leaving more lasting effects.

Germ-free mice colonized with gut bacteria from healthy, but not cow's milk allergic, infants were protected from allergic reactions to a milk allergen, pointing to Anaerostipes caccae as a protective clostridial species.

Fecal microbiota transplantation improved motor and constipation scores in 10 of 11 Parkinson's patients, alongside a shift in gut microbial composition.

Adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder had gut microbiota enriched in Rikenellaceae (genus Alistipes), a family linked to inflammation, and depleted in Coprococcus, tied to dopamine metabolite synthesis, plus a shifted oropharyngeal balance, hinting the microbiome may contribute to OCD.