Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

In saliva from 70 people with COPD, a low frequency of Prevotella was the signature of recent severe exacerbations, predicting hospitalized flare-ups with an area under the curve of 89 percent.

In 59 colorectal cancer patients, tumour-associated microbiota differed from that of controls throughout the colon, not just on the tumour. Patients split into groups defined by bacterial co-abundance clusters, including a Pathogen Cluster of likely oral bacteria tied to inflammatory gene expression such as IL-17a.

In 49 faecal samples, the gut microbiome of adults with social anxiety disorder differed in composition from controls. The genera Anaeromassilibacillus and Gordonibacter were elevated in patients, while Parasutterella was enriched in healthy controls.

In captive koalas, pouches of mothers who lost pouch young stayed dominated by Proteobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) from early lactation until death, while successful breeders were dominated by Muribaculaceae. Two overgrown species, Pluralibacter gergoviae and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were linked to neonatal mortality, with P. gergoviae being multidrug resistant.

Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease medications each leave distinct, independent signatures on the gut microbiome after controlling for dozens of confounders.

Fecal microbiota transplantation from healthy rats reduced diet-induced urinary oxalate excretion and calcium oxalate crystal deposits in hyperoxaluria model rats.

Patients with generalized anxiety disorder show reduced gut microbial diversity and SCFA-producing bacteria alongside overgrowth of Escherichia-Shigella, Fusobacterium, and Ruminococcus gnavus, a dysbiosis that persisted even after remission.

Sequencing cervical mucus from 30 women with endometriosis and 39 without, researchers found Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus significantly more abundant in the endometriosis group by real-time PCR, alongside increased Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas.

Among 267 Norwegian mother-infant pairs, environmental toxicants in breast milk, notably PBDE-28, PFOS, PFOA, and dioxin-like PCB-167, were linked to changes in the 1-month infant gut microbiome, including less diversity and altered short-chain fatty acids.

Found a modified Mediterranean-ketogenic diet raised gut propionate and butyrate while shifting microbiota linked to Alzheimer's CSF biomarkers.

Only the study title was available, and it indicates dietary factors shape the human gut microbiota at both the species and within-species strain genetic level.

Fecal ethanol and ethanol-producing gut bacteria, including Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Enterocloster bolteae, are elevated in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients versus controls.

Women with gynecologic cancer show a distinct vaginal microbiome, with Lactobacillus loss predicting cancer risk at 84.96% accuracy.

In 200 fecal samples from newborns in the MAMI cohort, a lower gut abundance of Bifidobacterium at 7 days and 1 month of age tracked with a higher load of antibiotic resistance genes, while breastfeeding and vaginal birth favored Bifidobacterium dominance.

In 58 patients with fatty liver disease, those who also had colorectal adenoma showed gut dysbiosis, with Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides ovatus and Muribaculaceae enriched. The team found 75 differentially abundant taxa and 116 differential metabolites separating the two groups.

In acute anterior uveitis patients, gut bacterial composition differences did not survive multiple-testing correction, but the fecal metabolite profile was clearly altered, with seven metabolites including linoleic acid raised and linked to Roseburia and Veillonella.

Cervical microbiota including Bacteroides fragilis showed only indirect, HPV-mediated associations with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia severity, while Pseudomonas stutzeri and Atopobium vaginae had both direct and indirect effects.

Meconium from 23 newborns was not sterile and carried diverse bacteria. Maternal pre-gestational type 2 diabetes was the strongest predictor of its composition, raising alpha-diversity and enriching Bacteroidetes and Parabacteroides, while delivery mode had no effect.

Comparing 30 urban and 65 rural coyotes near Edmonton, urban animals ate 2.5 times more human food, had poorer body condition, and carried more diverse gut microbiomes rich in Streptococcus and Enterococcus, linking a processed diet to worse health via the microbiome.

Shotgun metagenomics of matched rectal mucosa and feces found the mucosal microbiome is compositionally distinct, genus-poorer, and enriched for sugar transport and short-chain fatty acid metabolism pathways.

Acute physiological fatigue shifted the salivary microbiome, discriminating fatigue status with an AUC of 0.948 across 15 key genera.

In rural Nigerian adults, the urinary microbiome during urogenital schistosomiasis was dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, and immune-stimulatory taxa including Fusobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Enterococcus distinguished infection-induced bladder pathology from infection alone.

IBS was linked to lower microbial diversity, more Gram-negative bacteria, and reduced short-chain fatty acid pathways, while daily synbiotic use raised probiotic abundance without restoring overall diversity.

Machine-learning models trained on the vaginal microbiome could distinguish milder endometriosis (rASRM stage 1-2) from severe disease (stage 3-4), and the single most informative feature was an operational taxonomic unit from the genus Anaerococcus.