Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Oral squamous cell carcinoma patients had salivary microbiomes enriched in potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus anginosus, Abiotrophia defectiva and Fusobacterium nucleatum, distinct from healthy controls. Cancer treatment further reduced diversity and shifted profiles, an effect still evident about four years later.

A case-control study found distinct microbial shifts across blood, gut, and oral compartments in myocardial infarction patients compared to healthy controls.

Patients with mild cognitive impairment showed gut microbiota alterations closely resembling those of Alzheimer's disease, including reduced microbial diversity and increased Escherichia, suggesting dysbiosis is already present before dementia onset.

Asthmatic patients showed significantly greater nasal microbiome alpha diversity than controls, and meta-analysis across two ancestry cohorts identified 11 microbial species associated with asthma.

A meta-analysis of 1,255 oral samples found biopsy and swab microbiomes differ most across cancer stages. A random-forest model on five swab genera separated oral cancer from health with an AUC of 0.918, holding at 0.849 on a second sequencing platform.

Over 12 months, Parkinson's disease patients showed a persistent underrepresentation of short-chain-fatty-acid-producing, butyrogenic gut bacteria compared with household controls, and adding dietary protein data improved prediction of faster disease progression from an AUC of 0.58 to 0.64.

Tuberculosis patients had reduced gut bacterial and fungal diversity, with Bacteroides and Prevotella up and Blautia and Bifidobacterium down, plus Saccharomyces up and Aspergillus down. A combined six-genus bacterial-fungal panel distinguished TB from healthy controls with AUC 0.996.

Aging-associated gut microbiota, including histamine-producing Klebsiella aerogenes carrying a histidine decarboxylase gene, drove intestinal barrier dysfunction and worse sepsis. Histamine impaired the barrier by suppressing Nlrp6 and autophagy, and blocking this axis eased inflammation.

In 244 gallbladder bile samples, the microbiota composition was associated with lymph node metastasis and overall survival, and the same microbes signalled good prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma but poor prognosis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

A matched longitudinal study found fecal proline, ornithine, and serine were elevated in adenoma patients and normalized after polypectomy, forming a candidate detection panel.

In 298 Detroit children, many pregnancy, sociocultural, and environmental factors independently shaped the early gut microbiome. African American race-ethnicity, breastfeeding, delivery mode, marital status, tobacco smoke, and indoor pets each contributed, with combined models explaining 12 to 14% of microbiome variation.

In prion-infected mice, the gut microbiota shifted toward more Proteobacteria and fewer Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae, and 145 faecal metabolites changed, including drops in short-chain fatty acids and rises in hydrophobic bile acids.

The follicular skin microbiome in hidradenitis suppurativa differed significantly from that of healthy controls in both lesional and nonlesional skin, with Propionibacterium depleted in HS and a distinct Porphyromonas and Peptoniphilus community (type IV) present only in HS lesions.

In pediatric Crohn disease, ASCA-positive and ASCA-negative patients showed similar mucosal microbial diversity, but Ruminococcus torques and Yersinia enterocolitica differed significantly between groups.

In sleep-deprived mice, melatonin protected memory by reshaping gut microbes and their metabolites, lowering LPS-associated bacteria and raising butyrate; transplanting melatonin-treated microbiota reversed hippocampal inflammation and cognitive decline.

Children with active tuberculosis had reduced gut microbial diversity, more Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota, and fewer Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria. Proteobacteria rose with disease severity and bacterial load, and eight top genera correlated with plasma lipids.

Oral bacteria Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus, S. koreensis, and S. moorei were enriched in both saliva and stool of colorectal cancer patients versus healthy controls.

Analyzing 340 fecal samples from 132 healthy dogs, machine learning classified animals by diet with about 75% accuracy and by sex, with neutered males and spayed females forming one cluster distinct from intact dogs, hinting at a link between hormones and gut bacteria.

Bodybuilders on high-protein, low-fiber diets showed lower Bifidobacterium and short-chain-fatty-acid producers than sedentary controls.

A gut metagenome study found depletion of anti-inflammatory strict anaerobes in prodromal and recently onset Parkinson's disease, with microbiome classifiers moderately distinguishing PD cases from controls.

A title-only record indicates sibling microbial sharing may support metabolic functions that protect against allergy, though no abstract data confirm mechanisms or outcomes.

Closed-eye tears in dry eye disease harbour a distinct, more diverse microbiome than healthy eyes, and this difference persisted despite daily saline eye wash. A machine-learning classifier identified dry eye samples with up to 97 percent accuracy.

A 16-week randomized trial found that a calorie-restricted, legume-enriched diet outperformed calorie restriction alone in lowering LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and HbA1c in prediabetes, linked to gut microbiome shifts.

Metagenomic sequencing of 176 Parkinson's patients and 100 controls found reduced microbial connectivity and seven differentially abundant species, with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii reads driving over half of the disrupted functional pathways.