Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

In gastric cancer, Epstein-Barr virus positivity was linked to a distinct transcriptional and microbial profile. EBV-positive tumors showed upregulated immune and inflammatory genes and lower, less diverse gastric bacterial communities, with a small set of genera enriched while most taxa declined.

Feeding mice oats at the time of amoxicillin dosing (prophylactic timing) protected gut microbiome diversity from antibiotic damage better than starting oats before or after treatment, and shifted communities toward antibiotic stress management rather than carbohydrate scavenging.

Periodontal disease in dogs shifted the oral microbiome toward Bacteroidetes dominance, higher Porphyromonas, and a predicted anaerobic, lipopolysaccharide-rich functional profile.

In diarrhea-predominant IBS patients, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was linked to distinct mucosal microbiota, not luminal bacteria. Rectal mucosa showed fewer aerobic Gram-negative and more Gram-positive bacteria, and a dysbiosis index cutoff of -0.37 identified overgrowth with 91 percent specificity.

A two-cohort shotgun metagenomic study of Parkinson's disease found Intestinimonas butyriciproducens consistently altered across four global cohorts, alongside shifts in microbial carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism.

A 969-sample cross-cohort meta-analysis found colorectal cancer stool microbiomes have reproducibly higher richness and an overabundant choline trimethylamine-lyase gene, yielding a validated diagnostic signature (AUC 0.84).

In 30 functional constipation patients, gut microbiota shifted and 44 fecal microRNAs changed, and a panel of seven microbe and microRNA markers predicted constipation with an AUC of 0.832, pointing to microRNA-microbe crosstalk in the disorder.

In diabetes patients, lower gut Butyricicoccus and Ruminococcus torques marked diabetic retinopathy, and in a 2-year follow-up, low baseline Butyricicoccus and plasma acetate were prospectively linked to higher retinopathy incidence.

Kenyan colorectal cancer patients showed depletion of Prevotella copri and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, with gut microbial community composition differing significantly from healthy controls.

Comparing 30 healthy people, 30 initial and 30 recurrent tuberculosis patients, gut microbiota, T-cell subsets, and cytokines differed by disease stage. Recurrent-TB patients had the lowest CD4 counts and CD4/CD8 ratios, higher IL-6, and lower IL-4. A 20-genus panel separated patients from controls with AUC up to 0.807.

Endoscopic brush sampling of 174 mucus samples showed mucosa-associated dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn's disease diverged more from controls than ulcerative colitis, with more Escherichia and Ruminococcus gnavus and fewer Faecalibacterium and Roseburia.

Gut microbiota in late pregnancy differed between GDM and healthy women, with three species positively and one negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose.

Oral bacteria Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus, S. koreensis, and S. moorei were enriched in both saliva and stool of colorectal cancer patients versus healthy controls.

Severe pediatric ulcerative colitis showed sharply reduced gut microbial richness, with Firmicutes down and Proteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria) up versus healthy controls.

Cross-border female sex workers in China showed a distinct vaginal bacterial structure from non-sex workers, with one disease-related genus detected in 91.3% of sex workers versus none of the controls, though Lactobacillus dominance was similar.

In hemodialysis patients, constipation was linked to lower and less even gut bacterial diversity. Enterococcus, Eggerthella, Prevotella_7 and other genera were enriched, while Kineothrix, Rhodopirellula and Weissella were depleted compared with hemodialysis patients without constipation.

Diet predicted the abundance of 92.4 percent of gut microbial species across 10,068 people, with specific food-microbe links like coffee and yogurt tracking consistently over four years.

Only the study title was available, indicating ileo-anal pouch patients show gut microbiome metabolic-gene dysbiosis resembling Crohn's disease.

Irinotecan reshapes gut microbiota composition, and specific Lactobacillus probiotics suppress bacterial beta-glucuronidase activity linked to chemotherapy-associated intestinal toxicity.

Bodybuilders on high-protein, low-fiber diets showed lower Bifidobacterium and short-chain-fatty-acid producers than sedentary controls.

Fecal transfer from telmisartan-treated donor mice transiently lowered weight gain in high-fat-diet recipients and shifted gut microbiota, including Desulfovibrionaceae abundance.

A three-species bacterial consortium that converts primary bile acids into anti-inflammatory secondary bile acids reduced DSS-induced colitis severity in mice.

Age and sex collectively shape the healthy conjunctival microbiome, with young and old adults differing significantly in bacterial composition, metabolic functions, and antibiotic resistance gene abundance, while men and women differed only in beta diversity.

Tuberculosis patients had reduced gut bacterial and fungal diversity, with Bacteroides and Prevotella up and Blautia and Bifidobacterium down, plus Saccharomyces up and Aspergillus down. A combined six-genus bacterial-fungal panel distinguished TB from healthy controls with AUC 0.996.