Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Gut microbiota from inflammatory depression patients transfers depressive and anxiety-like behavior to mice, while Clostridium butyricum reverses inflammation and depressive symptoms.

A 15-month longitudinal study in captive macaques disentangled diet from social housing changes to show that increased social interaction alone alters gut microbiota composition.

COVID-19 patients had reduced gut microbial diversity with more opportunistic pathogens compared with healthy people and seasonal flu patients. Fecal IL-18 was elevated, and highest in stool samples that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

Traditional group Kimjang kimchi was dominated by Leuconostoc and reached a more uniform, safer pH than kimchi made individually. Skin bacteria on makers' hands overlapped only slightly with the ferment, but hand Staphylococcus correlated with the lactic acid bacteria that took over early fermentation.

In 105 full-term infants, cesarean delivery and both prenatal and peripartum antibiotics were each associated with differences in the meconium microbiome. Proteobacteria dominated meconium at 65 percent, and cesarean-born infants showed altered diversity and lower relative abundance of a facultative anaerobic genus compared with vaginal delivery.

Psyllium husk reshaped gut microbiota more strongly in constipated patients than healthy controls, boosting several butyrate-producing genera alongside shifts in stool short-chain fatty acids.

Adding gut microbiome data to age, race, and body mass index sharply improved detection of colon adenomas and carcinomas; a microbiome test raised a 65-year-old's probability of harboring an adenoma from 0.17 percent to 10.67 percent, more than a 50-fold gain.

A high-fat diet reshaped gut microbiota diversity and composition in rats, and transplanting that dysbiotic microbiota alone was sufficient to worsen erectile function.

A nutrition-wide association study of 115 colorectal cancer patients found specific dietary intakes, including mature pumpkin/pumpkin juice, correlated with gut microbial taxa enrichment.

Deep shotgun sequencing of 211 Chinese individuals found the gut microbiome in ankylosing spondylitis was markedly altered, with more Actinobacteria and Prevotella and fewer Bacteroides. Gut gene richness was reduced, and microbial markers classified patients with high accuracy.

Periodontal disease in dogs shifted the oral microbiome toward Bacteroidetes dominance, higher Porphyromonas, and a predicted anaerobic, lipopolysaccharide-rich functional profile.

Alzheimer's patients showed higher oral microbial diversity, with more Firmicutes and less Bacteroidetes, than healthy seniors.

In seborrheic dermatitis, the scalp showed higher Malassezia and Staphylococcus and lower microbial diversity. A four-week recombinant human thymosin beta-4 gel outperformed 2 percent ketoconazole, improving symptoms and restoring microbiome balance for up to 20 weeks.

In diarrhea-predominant IBS patients, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was linked to distinct mucosal microbiota, not luminal bacteria. Rectal mucosa showed fewer aerobic Gram-negative and more Gram-positive bacteria, and a dysbiosis index cutoff of -0.37 identified overgrowth with 91 percent specificity.

In infants at risk for atopic dermatitis, daily emollient use lowered skin pH, raised bacterial richness, and increased Streptococcus salivarius, whose proportion was inversely associated with atopic dermatitis severity.

Fecal microbiota profiles differed by constipation subtype, and depression and poor sleep independently predicted shifts in specific bacterial families among constipation patients.

Maternal low-protein diet, not niacin deficiency, cut litter size and offspring growth while reducing short-chain-fatty-acid-producing gut bacteria in hamster offspring.

In 49 faecal samples, the gut microbiome of adults with social anxiety disorder differed in composition from controls. The genera Anaeromassilibacillus and Gordonibacter were elevated in patients, while Parasutterella was enriched in healthy controls.

Gut microbiome composition did not differ between Parkinson's patients with mild cognitive impairment and those with normal cognition.

Kenyan colorectal cancer patients showed depletion of Prevotella copri and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, with gut microbial community composition differing significantly from healthy controls.

Comparing 30 healthy people, 30 initial and 30 recurrent tuberculosis patients, gut microbiota, T-cell subsets, and cytokines differed by disease stage. Recurrent-TB patients had the lowest CD4 counts and CD4/CD8 ratios, higher IL-6, and lower IL-4. A 20-genus panel separated patients from controls with AUC up to 0.807.

Fermentable inulin fiber protected mice against high-fat-diet obesity mainly by restoring gut bacteria and triggering IL-22, not through short-chain fatty acids or the GPR43 receptor. IL-22, made by innate lymphoid cells, rebuilt the colon lining and blocked bacterial encroachment.

Fecal 16S sequencing showed the gut bacterial community differs between lung cancer patients and healthy volunteers, and specific gut genera correlated with serum inflammatory biomarkers, the first such link reported for lung cancer.

Endoscopic brush sampling of 174 mucus samples showed mucosa-associated dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn's disease diverged more from controls than ulcerative colitis, with more Escherichia and Ruminococcus gnavus and fewer Faecalibacterium and Roseburia.