Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

In a Swedish cohort, women with endometriosis had lower overall gut microbial diversity than matched controls, and 12 bacterial genera across five classes differed in abundance, though within-cohort differences by disease site or treatment disappeared after correction for multiple testing.

Analyzing 340 fecal samples from 132 healthy dogs, machine learning classified animals by diet with about 75% accuracy and by sex, with neutered males and spayed females forming one cluster distinct from intact dogs, hinting at a link between hormones and gut bacteria.

In prion-infected mice, the gut microbiota shifted toward more Proteobacteria and fewer Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae, and 145 faecal metabolites changed, including drops in short-chain fatty acids and rises in hydrophobic bile acids.

Fusobacteria abundance in gut microbiota tracked colorectal cancer liver metastasis and worse prognosis across discovery and validation cohorts.

Depleted Bacteroides and Alistipes species correlated with higher inflammatory biomarkers in people with HIV, linking gut microbiota shifts to cardiovascular risk.

Maternal low-protein diet, not niacin deficiency, cut litter size and offspring growth while reducing short-chain-fatty-acid-producing gut bacteria in hamster offspring.

Fecal microbiota profiles differed by constipation subtype, and depression and poor sleep independently predicted shifts in specific bacterial families among constipation patients.

Traditional group Kimjang kimchi was dominated by Leuconostoc and reached a more uniform, safer pH than kimchi made individually. Skin bacteria on makers' hands overlapped only slightly with the ferment, but hand Staphylococcus correlated with the lactic acid bacteria that took over early fermentation.

Freeze-drying fecal samples for ambient-temperature transport produced 16S microbiome results nearly indistinguishable from those preserved at minus 80 degrees Celsius.

In the largest gut microbiome study of adult ADHD, four bacterial genera plus age, sex, and body mass index explained 15 percent of the variance in ADHD, distinguishing patients from controls with 74 percent sensitivity and 71 percent specificity.

A pilot ITS-sequencing study found Candida and Aspergillus in 100% of 30 subjects but no significant mycobiome differences between periodontitis and healthy oral samples.

During acute HIV infection, mild gut dysbiosis emerged early and was only partly corrected by early antiretroviral therapy, with Fusobacteria members after treatment positively correlated with the inflammation marker soluble CD14.

Comparing two DNA extraction and two library preparation methods on ancient dental calculus, wet-lab protocols strongly biased recovered oral microbiome data. Effects were pronounced in well-preserved samples, while the QG plus single-stranded library approach best recovered authentic ancient DNA from poorly preserved samples.

Early gestational, but not late prenatal or postnatal, maternal glucocorticoid exposure in wild Assamese macaques was linked to lower offspring gut bacterial richness and effects that intensified with age.

Periodontal disease in dogs shifted the oral microbiome toward Bacteroidetes dominance, higher Porphyromonas, and a predicted anaerobic, lipopolysaccharide-rich functional profile.

In 191 infants, direct neonatal antibiotics were linked to lower antibody titres against pneumococcal, Hib and diphtheria vaccines and to reduced gut Bifidobacterium at the time of vaccination. In mice, Bifidobacterium species or a neonatal probiotic restored pneumococcal vaccine responses.

In probiotic-treated very-preterm infants, lower gut microbial diversity tracked with sepsis, retinopathy of prematurity, and formula feeding, and several taxa shifted with maternal conditions including preeclampsia and chorioamnionitis.

Aging-associated gut microbiota, including histamine-producing Klebsiella aerogenes carrying a histidine decarboxylase gene, drove intestinal barrier dysfunction and worse sepsis. Histamine impaired the barrier by suppressing Nlrp6 and autophagy, and blocking this axis eased inflammation.

Immunizing mice with a live Escherichia-Shigella vaccine raised IgM and IgG that cut the abundance of this keystone bacterium in the microbiome of Ixodes ricinus ticks that later fed on them, while leaving the mouse gut microbiota unchanged.

In 298 Detroit children, many pregnancy, sociocultural, and environmental factors independently shaped the early gut microbiome. African American race-ethnicity, breastfeeding, delivery mode, marital status, tobacco smoke, and indoor pets each contributed, with combined models explaining 12 to 14% of microbiome variation.

A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial found heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 lowered cholesterol and boosted butyrate-linked Faecalibacterium and Anaerobutyricum in healthy adults.

A meta-analysis of 1,255 oral samples found biopsy and swab microbiomes differ most across cancer stages. A random-forest model on five swab genera separated oral cancer from health with an AUC of 0.918, holding at 0.849 on a second sequencing platform.

In diarrhea-predominant IBS patients, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was linked to distinct mucosal microbiota, not luminal bacteria. Rectal mucosa showed fewer aerobic Gram-negative and more Gram-positive bacteria, and a dysbiosis index cutoff of -0.37 identified overgrowth with 91 percent specificity.

A case-control study found distinct microbial shifts across blood, gut, and oral compartments in myocardial infarction patients compared to healthy controls.