Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

In the largest gut microbiome study of adult ADHD, four bacterial genera plus age, sex, and body mass index explained 15 percent of the variance in ADHD, distinguishing patients from controls with 74 percent sensitivity and 71 percent specificity.

Children with high dental caries risk were 21 times more likely to develop blood stream infection after hematopoietic cell transplantation.

COVID-19 patients had reduced gut microbial diversity with more opportunistic pathogens compared with healthy people and seasonal flu patients. Fecal IL-18 was elevated, and highest in stool samples that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

The follicular skin microbiome in hidradenitis suppurativa differed significantly from that of healthy controls in both lesional and nonlesional skin, with Propionibacterium depleted in HS and a distinct Porphyromonas and Peptoniphilus community (type IV) present only in HS lesions.

In pregnant mice, gut microbiota composition shifted the severity of malaria infection and pregnancy outcomes independent of host genetics.

In sleep-deprived mice, melatonin protected memory by reshaping gut microbes and their metabolites, lowering LPS-associated bacteria and raising butyrate; transplanting melatonin-treated microbiota reversed hippocampal inflammation and cognitive decline.

Traditional group Kimjang kimchi was dominated by Leuconostoc and reached a more uniform, safer pH than kimchi made individually. Skin bacteria on makers' hands overlapped only slightly with the ferment, but hand Staphylococcus correlated with the lactic acid bacteria that took over early fermentation.

A multi-omics study found IBS is marked by broad shifts in gut microbiome composition and function across 16S sequencing, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics.

In probiotic-treated very-preterm infants, lower gut microbial diversity tracked with sepsis, retinopathy of prematurity, and formula feeding, and several taxa shifted with maternal conditions including preeclampsia and chorioamnionitis.

A title-only record indicates sibling microbial sharing may support metabolic functions that protect against allergy, though no abstract data confirm mechanisms or outcomes.

Colorectal cancer tissue microbiomes differ sharply by race and ethnicity, with distinct dominant taxa in Egyptian, African American, European American, and Kenyan patients.

In the first study of gut fungi in tuberculosis, both bacterial and fungal microbiota were disrupted in TB patients, and first-line anti-TB drugs severely distorted the bacterial-fungal network, rebuilding it into a fungus-enriched dysbiotic state by six months.

In ART-treated people with HIV, oral bacterial diversity tracked immune markers while oral fungal diversity was reduced in plaque from teeth with more severe periodontitis.

Machine-learning models trained on the vaginal microbiome could distinguish milder endometriosis (rASRM stage 1-2) from severe disease (stage 3-4), and the single most informative feature was an operational taxonomic unit from the genus Anaerococcus.

In an Indian cohort, vitiligo patients showed gut dysbiosis with a lower Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, depletion of butyrate-producing bacteria, and more mucin-degrading genes, and a cross-cohort classifier separated patients from controls with about 82 percent accuracy.

Colorectal cancer patients carried a distinct gut microbiota, with more opportunistic pathogens like Enterococcus, Escherichia/Shigella and Bacteroides fragilis, and fewer butyrate-producing bacteria such as Roseburia.

Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients had higher gut bacterial diversity and enrichment of nitrogen-recycling bacteria like Klebsiella. In mice, Klebsiella pneumoniae accelerated myeloma progression by synthesizing glutamine from urea nitrogen, and a glutamine-deficient diet slowed it.

In a randomized crossover trial of 130 South African adolescents, combined oral contraceptive use produced lower vaginal microbial diversity and fewer HIV risk-associated bacteria than an injectable or a vaginal ring. The vaginal ring raised inflammatory cytokines the most.

Enterococcus faecalis and Lactococcus lactis predicted non-response to probiotics in IBS-D, while Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans rose in responders.

In 29 constipated women of reproductive age versus 30 healthy controls, gut microbiota composition shifted even though overall diversity was similar. Constipated women had more Bacteroidetes and less Proteobacteria, a lower Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio of 1.52 versus 2.21, and fewer butyrate-producing bacteria.

Shotgun sequencing of urine found that most specimens from patients with suspected urinary tract infection overlapped with the range of asymptomatic microbiota states. Bacterial presence alone did not explain symptoms, and standard culture biased recovery toward Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae while missing other taxa.

In a Swedish cohort, women with endometriosis had lower overall gut microbial diversity than matched controls, and 12 bacterial genera across five classes differed in abundance, though within-cohort differences by disease site or treatment disappeared after correction for multiple testing.

In 298 Detroit children, many pregnancy, sociocultural, and environmental factors independently shaped the early gut microbiome. African American race-ethnicity, breastfeeding, delivery mode, marital status, tobacco smoke, and indoor pets each contributed, with combined models explaining 12 to 14% of microbiome variation.

Periodontal disease in dogs shifted the oral microbiome toward Bacteroidetes dominance, higher Porphyromonas, and a predicted anaerobic, lipopolysaccharide-rich functional profile.