Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

A 16S rRNA meta-analysis of stone, stool, and urine microbiomes found that rare, low-abundance phylotypes, not dominant taxa, made up most of the diversity linked to urinary stone disease.

In 623 Japanese men, higher gut microbiome alpha diversity was linked to greater gray matter volume, but the association disappeared after adjusting for BMI and lifestyle factors.

During a nine-day Arhatic Yoga meditation retreat with a vegetarian diet, 24 practitioners showed shifts in oral and gut microbiomes within days. Health-promoting, short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria linked to gut-brain and gut-barrier function became enriched by the end of the retreat.

Anti-tuberculosis treatment reduced gut microbial diversity, and patients who developed drug-induced liver injury showed distinct bacterial profiles and higher inflammatory cytokines. In mice, each first-line drug and its combinations caused different patterns of gut dysbiosis.

In wild geladas, gut microbiome composition shifted seasonally with rainfall and temperature, revealing distinct dietary and thermoregulatory responses.

Fecal Bacteroides and Enterocloster predicted fibrous stenosis in Crohn's disease, while Streptococcus and related taxa predicted non-stenosis.

Sini-San restored bile acid balance and gut microbiota diversity while reversing liver fibrosis in mice, an effect blocked by FXR knockout.

Probiotic supplementation reduced sex-specific nociceptive and gut microbial disruptions caused by prenatal opioid exposure in mice, with opioid-exposed females showing more Lactobacillus and less pain sensitivity than males.

In 69 hepatitis C patients cured with direct-acting antivirals, gut microbial richness, butyrate-gene expression, and the translocation marker LBP improved by 72 weeks, mainly in HCV-monoinfected patients with mild fibrosis, while HCV/HIV coinfection showed only partial recovery.

In systemic sclerosis, researchers examined whether gut microbial composition and diet (low versus non-low FODMAP) relate to GI symptom severity in 66 patients.

In people with HIV, fatty liver disease shaped the gut microbiome more strongly than HIV itself. Microbial community structure differed by MASLD status but not by HIV, and MASLD was tied to more uniform microbiomes across individuals.

APC mutations appeared in 77 percent of colorectal cancer patients, and KRAS mutation status tracked distinct gut bacterial patterns.

A six-country meta-analysis links Parkinson's disease to reduced Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, riboflavin/biotin biosynthesis, and fecal short-chain fatty acids and polyamines.

Adding gut microbiota data to a machine learning model modestly improved prediction of post-meal glucose responses in pregnant women, including those with diet-treated gestational diabetes, beyond carbohydrate counting alone.

Salivary microbiota diversity and composition, especially enrichment of Aggregatibacter, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, and Ruminiclostridium, distinguished throat cancer patients from those with polyps or healthy controls.

Gastric cancer patients had fewer short-chain-fatty-acid-producing gut bacteria and lower butyrate. Restoring butyrate curbed tumors in mice by activating GPR109A and HOPX, which boosted IFN-gamma production and killing power in CD8 T cells and CAR-Claudin 18.2 CD8 T cells.

Isothermal microcalorimetry showed raffinose and melibiose enriched bifidobacteria in all fecal pools, but overweight children's microbiota shifted toward lactate producers like Streptococcus and Enterococcus.

In people with HIV on treatment, the gut and blood aged faster biologically than in controls. Enriched pro-inflammatory, tryptophan-catabolizing bacteria tracked with accelerated aging, while depleted butyrate producers and lower gut integrity linked to it.

In infants with cholestasis, gut microbiota shifted toward Veillonella, Streptococcus and Clostridium, correlating with altered fatty acid and amino acid metabolite profiles.

A Singapore pilot study found gestational diabetes drove gut microbiome dysbiosis regardless of Chinese, Malay, or Indian ethnicity.

HIV-positive people who inject drugs showed elevated Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Sutterella, Megasphaera, Fusobacterium, and Mitsuokella, while injectors had more Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus regardless of HIV status.

In 48 adults in Quebec City sampled in winter and summer, most circulating N-acylethanolamine mediators fell in summer alongside shifts in gut bacterial families. These seasonal changes were not explained by diet, adiposity, physical activity, or vitamin D.

Adults with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis showed reduced gut diversity and more Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, and Streptococcus, with less Prevotella_9. A four-genus classifier separated patients from controls (AUC 0.86), and higher Streptococcus tracked with hematuria and low serum albumin.

The small intestine harbored a distinct, Lactobacillus-enriched microbiome compared with the lower gut across three sympatric wild rodent species.