Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Young-onset colorectal cancer shows increased gut microbial diversity, with Flavonifractor plautii emerging as a key discriminating species versus Streptococcus in older-onset disease.

Saliva microbial community structure differed significantly by group, showing Parkinson's disease reshapes the periodontitis-associated oral microbiome and its links to gut taxa.

Among over 1000 UK twins, yoghurt eaters had lower visceral fat and a transient gut increase in the yoghurt bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. The lactis species tracked 13 faecal metabolites, including anti-inflammatory 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid.

Isothermal microcalorimetry showed raffinose and melibiose enriched bifidobacteria in all fecal pools, but overweight children's microbiota shifted toward lactate producers like Streptococcus and Enterococcus.

First-trimester periodontitis was linked to a distinct oral-gut microbiome-metabolome signature, with fecal Coprococcus emerging as a novel bacterial distinguisher.

A Singapore pilot study found gestational diabetes drove gut microbiome dysbiosis regardless of Chinese, Malay, or Indian ethnicity.

Among 130 patients with poorly controlled diabetes, those with latent tuberculosis had a distinct gut microbiome: Bacteroides, Alistipes and Blautia enriched, Prevotella, Streptococcus and Actinomyces depleted. A six-genus model predicted latent infection with 87 percent accuracy.

Only three admission microbiome taxa were highly robustly linked to acute pancreatitis severity across 276 patients, most prior associations did not replicate.

Fecal microbiome analysis of Chinese children with NAFLD found gut bacteria negatively correlated with BMI and identified taxa like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii linked to disease status.

Stunted Indonesian toddlers carried a different gut microbiome and lower short-chain fatty acids than normal-length peers. Three genera, Lachnoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, and Veillonella, were consistently higher in stunted children at both study sites.

A meta-analysis of 22,710 human gut metagenomes found that a higher "oral enrichment score," reflecting oral bacteria abundance in the gut, consistently marks disease states.

A water extract of Cannabis sativa seed relieved loperamide-induced constipation in mice by improving intestinal transit and gut barrier function and remodeling the gut microbiota; the benefit disappeared once the gut microbiota was depleted by antibiotics.

A high-fat diet drives gut bacteria to release leucine, which activates mTORC1 to generate cancer-promoting PMN-MDSCs in mice and breast cancer patients.

The type VI secretion system of commensal Bacteroides reshaped gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism, lowering primary bile acids and easing gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease. Accumulating chenodeoxycholic acid worsened disease by activating T cells.

Functional constipation is marked by increased gut microbial diversity, shifts in genera like Intestinibacter and Akkermansia, and altered bile acid and porphyrin metabolite pathways.

Functional constipation patients showed distinct gut microbiota and serum metabolomes, with more Bacteroides and butyrate producers alongside reduced arginine biosynthesis intermediates.

Probiotic supplementation reduced sex-specific nociceptive and gut microbial disruptions caused by prenatal opioid exposure in mice, with opioid-exposed females showing more Lactobacillus and less pain sensitivity than males.

A smoking-related gut microbiota index predicted higher BMI and elevated risk of diabetes, cardiovascular events, and obesity-related cancers across two cohorts.

A large shotgun-metagenomic study found over 30 percent of gut microbial species, genes, and pathways altered in Parkinson's disease, revealing widespread dysbiosis and disease-permissive microbial activity.

In high-fat-diet mice, an ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor reduced hepatic steatosis and reshaped gut microbiota, an effect transferable via fecal transplant.

Anti-tuberculosis treatment reduced gut microbial diversity, and patients who developed drug-induced liver injury showed distinct bacterial profiles and higher inflammatory cytokines. In mice, each first-line drug and its combinations caused different patterns of gut dysbiosis.

APC mutations appeared in 77 percent of colorectal cancer patients, and KRAS mutation status tracked distinct gut bacterial patterns.

Salivary microbiota diversity and composition, especially enrichment of Aggregatibacter, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, and Ruminiclostridium, distinguished throat cancer patients from those with polyps or healthy controls.

Treatment-naive de novo Parkinson's patients already show altered gut microbiome composition, including reduced SCFA-producing Lachnospiraceae, versus healthy controls in two independent cohorts.