Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Fecal Bacteroides and Enterocloster predicted fibrous stenosis in Crohn's disease, while Streptococcus and related taxa predicted non-stenosis.

Stunted Indonesian toddlers carried a different gut microbiome and lower short-chain fatty acids than normal-length peers. Three genera, Lachnoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, and Veillonella, were consistently higher in stunted children at both study sites.

Functional constipation is marked by increased gut microbial diversity, shifts in genera like Intestinibacter and Akkermansia, and altered bile acid and porphyrin metabolite pathways.

Among over 1000 UK twins, yoghurt eaters had lower visceral fat and a transient gut increase in the yoghurt bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. The lactis species tracked 13 faecal metabolites, including anti-inflammatory 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid.

HIV-infected patients showed significant gut dysbiosis, with lower Bacteroidetes and Faecalibacterium and higher Proteobacteria, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus compared to healthy controls.

Probiotic supplementation reduced sex-specific nociceptive and gut microbial disruptions caused by prenatal opioid exposure in mice, with opioid-exposed females showing more Lactobacillus and less pain sensitivity than males.

Lachnoclostridium is a heterogeneous genus of gut Lachnospiraceae, reclassified from several former Clostridium species. Its defining role on this database is as a colorectal cancer biomarker: a specific fecal Lachnoclostridium marker (m3) increases from healthy colon to adenoma to cancer and outperforms the standard fecal immunochemical test at detecting pre-cancerous adenomas.

Gastric cancer patients had fewer short-chain-fatty-acid-producing gut bacteria and lower butyrate. Restoring butyrate curbed tumors in mice by activating GPR109A and HOPX, which boosted IFN-gamma production and killing power in CD8 T cells and CAR-Claudin 18.2 CD8 T cells.

A water extract of Cannabis sativa seed relieved loperamide-induced constipation in mice by improving intestinal transit and gut barrier function and remodeling the gut microbiota; the benefit disappeared once the gut microbiota was depleted by antibiotics.

In high-fat-diet mice, an ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor reduced hepatic steatosis and reshaped gut microbiota, an effect transferable via fecal transplant.

APC mutations appeared in 77 percent of colorectal cancer patients, and KRAS mutation status tracked distinct gut bacterial patterns.

Salivary microbiota diversity and composition, especially enrichment of Aggregatibacter, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, and Ruminiclostridium, distinguished throat cancer patients from those with polyps or healthy controls.

A high-fat diet drives gut bacteria to release leucine, which activates mTORC1 to generate cancer-promoting PMN-MDSCs in mice and breast cancer patients.

In 44 stem cell transplant patients, fecal butyrate and indole levels tracked gut microbial diversity, and lower butyrate two weeks after transplant marked patients who developed bloodstream infections within 30 days.

A smoking-related gut microbiota index predicted higher BMI and elevated risk of diabetes, cardiovascular events, and obesity-related cancers across two cohorts.

In people with HIV, fatty liver disease shaped the gut microbiome more strongly than HIV itself. Microbial community structure differed by MASLD status but not by HIV, and MASLD was tied to more uniform microbiomes across individuals.

A randomized trial found that two probiotic strains cut recurrent respiratory infections in children while shifting gut microbiota toward beneficial commensals and stabilizing immune markers.

Fecal microbiome analysis of Chinese children with NAFLD found gut bacteria negatively correlated with BMI and identified taxa like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii linked to disease status.

In people with HIV on treatment, the gut and blood aged faster biologically than in controls. Enriched pro-inflammatory, tryptophan-catabolizing bacteria tracked with accelerated aging, while depleted butyrate producers and lower gut integrity linked to it.

In a 60-day trial of 70 long-term drinkers, the probiotic Weizmannia coagulans BC99 significantly lowered liver enzymes AST and gamma-GT to normal, reduced TNF-alpha and IL-6, raised IL-10, and increased beneficial gut bacteria including Prevotella and Faecalibacterium.

Thyroid carcinoma patients show distinct gut microbiota and metabolite profiles, with six microbial genera distinguishing patients from healthy controls at an AUC of 0.94.

In a Chinese case-control study, cigarette smoking raised the odds of one colorectal tumor subtype defined by gut microbiota (type II), which was marked by more Escherichia-Shigella and fewer short-chain-fatty-acid-producing bacteria, but not the other subtype.

In 107 first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenia patients, gut microbes separated patients from controls with an AUC of 0.867, and baseline Lachnoclostridium and Romboutsia levels were significantly associated with response to 24 weeks of risperidone treatment.

A large ESRD cohort study links specific gut microbes and their toxin-synthesis pathways to uraemic toxin buildup and renal fibrosis in humans and rodents.