Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

In a crossover trial of 31 adults, a pectin-enriched smoothie shifted gut bacteria more in habitual low-fiber consumers than high-fiber consumers, and the pectin-enriched smoothie reduced one bacterial group in both cohorts. All shifts reverted to baseline after washout periods.

Stunted Indonesian toddlers carried a different gut microbiome and lower short-chain fatty acids than normal-length peers. Three genera, Lachnoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, and Veillonella, were consistently higher in stunted children at both study sites.

APC mutations appeared in 77 percent of colorectal cancer patients, and KRAS mutation status tracked distinct gut bacterial patterns.

In 44 stem cell transplant patients, fecal butyrate and indole levels tracked gut microbial diversity, and lower butyrate two weeks after transplant marked patients who developed bloodstream infections within 30 days.

Functional constipation is marked by increased gut microbial diversity, shifts in genera like Intestinibacter and Akkermansia, and altered bile acid and porphyrin metabolite pathways.

Probiotic supplementation reduced sex-specific nociceptive and gut microbial disruptions caused by prenatal opioid exposure in mice, with opioid-exposed females showing more Lactobacillus and less pain sensitivity than males.

In 588 community-dwelling 27-year-olds, severe steatotic liver disease was tied to lower gut microbial diversity and depletion of butyrate-producing bacteria such as Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Odoribacter. The pattern resembles other chronic inflammatory conditions, pointing to early microbiome changes before advanced liver disease.

Anti-tuberculosis treatment reduced gut microbial diversity, and patients who developed drug-induced liver injury showed distinct bacterial profiles and higher inflammatory cytokines. In mice, each first-line drug and its combinations caused different patterns of gut dysbiosis.

A large shotgun-metagenomic study found over 30 percent of gut microbial species, genes, and pathways altered in Parkinson's disease, revealing widespread dysbiosis and disease-permissive microbial activity.

Salivary microbiota diversity and composition, especially enrichment of Aggregatibacter, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, and Ruminiclostridium, distinguished throat cancer patients from those with polyps or healthy controls.

In high-fat-diet mice, an ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor reduced hepatic steatosis and reshaped gut microbiota, an effect transferable via fecal transplant.

Young-onset colorectal cancer shows increased gut microbial diversity, with Flavonifractor plautii emerging as a key discriminating species versus Streptococcus in older-onset disease.

Among over 1000 UK twins, yoghurt eaters had lower visceral fat and a transient gut increase in the yoghurt bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. The lactis species tracked 13 faecal metabolites, including anti-inflammatory 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid.

The type VI secretion system of commensal Bacteroides reshaped gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism, lowering primary bile acids and easing gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease. Accumulating chenodeoxycholic acid worsened disease by activating T cells.

In people with HIV on treatment, the gut and blood aged faster biologically than in controls. Enriched pro-inflammatory, tryptophan-catabolizing bacteria tracked with accelerated aging, while depleted butyrate producers and lower gut integrity linked to it.

A high-fat diet drives gut bacteria to release leucine, which activates mTORC1 to generate cancer-promoting PMN-MDSCs in mice and breast cancer patients.

Lachnoclostridium is a heterogeneous genus of gut Lachnospiraceae, reclassified from several former Clostridium species. Its defining role on this database is as a colorectal cancer biomarker: a specific fecal Lachnoclostridium marker (m3) increases from healthy colon to adenoma to cancer and outperforms the standard fecal immunochemical test at detecting pre-cancerous adenomas.

Functional constipation patients showed distinct gut microbiota and serum metabolomes, with more Bacteroides and butyrate producers alongside reduced arginine biosynthesis intermediates.

A randomized trial found that two probiotic strains cut recurrent respiratory infections in children while shifting gut microbiota toward beneficial commensals and stabilizing immune markers.

Gastric cancer patients showed altered gut microbiota, with increased species richness, fewer butyrate producers, and enrichment of Lactobacillus, Escherichia, and Klebsiella.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients showed depleted Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium alongside expanded Escherichia-Shigella and Lachnoclostridium, tied to insulin resistance.

A smoking-related gut microbiota index predicted higher BMI and elevated risk of diabetes, cardiovascular events, and obesity-related cancers across two cohorts.

Only three admission microbiome taxa were highly robustly linked to acute pancreatitis severity across 276 patients, most prior associations did not replicate.

Gastric cancer patients had fewer short-chain-fatty-acid-producing gut bacteria and lower butyrate. Restoring butyrate curbed tumors in mice by activating GPR109A and HOPX, which boosted IFN-gamma production and killing power in CD8 T cells and CAR-Claudin 18.2 CD8 T cells.