Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Children with drug-refractory epilepsy showed higher gut microbial diversity and enrichment of Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides. Six months of a ketogenic diet partly reversed these shifts and raised fecal short-chain fatty acids.

Neovascular AMD patients had lower gut microbiota diversity, reduced short-chain fatty acids, and elevated proinflammatory octanoic and nonanoic acids than healthy controls. Adding a lutein, zeaxanthin, and saffron supplement to anti-VEGF therapy improved visual acuity and lowered harmful medium-chain fatty acids over six months.

Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, and Treponema were enriched in oral cancer tissue, while abundant tumor bacteria correlated negatively with effector immune cells.

Comparing 20 professional footballers with 12 amateurs, intensive training reshaped the gut microbiome most: professionals had higher gut diversity and more Firmicutes (76% versus 65%) with less Bacteroidetes. Oral diversity fell during high-intensity periods, favoring butyrate and succinate producers.

Gut microbiota in Parkinson's patients from Northeast China showed increased Akkermansia and decreased Lactobacillus versus healthy controls.

In a crossover trial, 20 healthy adults ate ancient or modern wheat pasta for eight weeks each. Neither diet changed overall gut microbiome diversity, but ancient wheat raised anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids including isovaleric (+22.5 percent) and 2-methylbutyric (+64.2 percent) acids.

Editing out the MSTN muscle-growth gene in sheep raised gut Firmicutes and cut Bacteroidota, enriching short-chain fatty acid producers like Lactobacillus and Subdoligranulum while heavier carcasses showed no drop in meat quality.

A nine-study meta-analysis of diet-induced obese rodents found no significant Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes shift but identified 15 differential taxa and 57 differential functional pathways linked to inflammation and metabolism.

Gut microbiome diversity dropped during active pediatric inflammatory bowel disease and recovered in remission across cohorts from six countries. A machine-learning ensemble model trained on baseline microbial profiles predicted which patients would later reach remission, reaching an AUC of 0.89 in external validation.

Greater oral abundance of Corynebacterium and Kingella was associated with decreased risk of incident head and neck squamous cell cancer.

Mother's own milk feeding increased gut microbial diversity and cut feeding intolerance by 60 percent versus donor milk in VLBW infants.

In an MSS colorectal cancer mouse model, antibiotic-driven shifts in gut bacteria, including Bacteroides and Akkermansia muciniphila, altered response to PD-1 antibody immunotherapy.

Breast cancer survivors showed significantly higher gut microbiota richness and a distinct microbiota composition compared to healthy female controls in this case-control study.

Metagenomic analysis of acute leukemia patients found chemotherapy reduced gut microbial diversity while Enterococcus, Klebsiella, and E. coli emerged as dominant carriers of antibiotic resistance genes.

A cross-sectional microbiome study finds Indo-Canadians shift toward a westernized, Prevotella-poor gut profile as dietary acculturation increases.

A cross-country meta-analysis of Parkinson's disease gut microbiota found consistently increased Akkermansia and decreased Roseburia and Faecalibacterium across five national cohorts.

Meconium microbiome diversity was higher after vaginal birth than cesarean section, with distinct dominant taxa and antibiotic resistance gene patterns between groups.

Combining Gegen Qinlian decoction with anti-PD-1 therapy suppressed MSS colorectal tumor growth in mice by reshaping gut microbiota and lipid-related metabolic pathways.

Children on ketogenic diets for intractable epilepsy had significantly lower quality-of-life scores and reduced gut microbial diversity than diet-matched controls.

Shotgun metagenomics of 95 post-partum dairy cow uterine swabs found metritis and purulent-discharge cows had lower microbial diversity than healthy controls.

All 29 Chinese infants studied were Proteobacteria-dominant ("P-type"), unlike the Actinobacteria-dominant profile common in Western infants.

Firmicutes abundance was significantly higher in MAFLD patients than non-MAFLD patients (51.4% vs 28.1%, p = 0.014).

Early-life limited-nesting stress raised corticosterone and gut permeability at weaning while reducing fecal microbial diversity, with females showing greater permeability increases than males.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis showed no single microbiome profile, ranging from Lactobacillus-dominant to Gardnerella- and Atopobium-rich, BV-like communities.