Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Children with HIV on antiretroviral therapy showed lower gut microbial diversity and elevated Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium versus HIV-negative controls.

Appendectomy raised long-term colorectal cancer risk by 73 percent and drove a gut dysbiosis centered on Bacteroides fragilis that promoted tumorigenesis in mice.

A population-based cohort of 3,827 screening participants found that gut microbiota partly mediate how obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol use raise colorectal high-risk adenoma risk.

Hadza hunter-gatherers showed higher gut microbial diversity than Italian urban controls, enriched in Prevotella and Treponema, and a complete absence of Bifidobacterium.

Found gut Actinobacteria and Coriobacteria enriched in bipolar disorder, while Ruminococcaceae and Faecalibacterium were depleted versus controls.

Found iron-deficiency anaemia shifted oral plaque microbiota, depleting Corynebacterium and Neisseria while enriching Lactococcus and Enterococcus.

In adults with type 2 diabetes, lower-intensity continuous exercise raised Bifidobacterium and several butyrate-producing gut bacteria more than high-intensity interval training.

Fusobacterium nucleatum was roughly 32 times more abundant in metastatic colorectal cancer patients whose disease progressed than in those with partial response.

Found the esophagus enriched for Proteobacteria and Firmicutes while the oral cavity was enriched for Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria in 27 healthy adults.

Found African-Americans had higher oral species richness and more periodontal pathogens than European-Americans, including P. gingivalis and T. denticola.

Gut Fusobacteria and Megamonas were sharply reduced in Shiba Inu dogs with atopic dermatitis versus healthy dogs.

Antibiotic depletion of the gut microbiota blunted stress-induced epinephrine release in mice, and restoring bacterial diversity alone was not enough to fix it.

Found Veillonella fourfold higher and six other genera depleted in the oral microflora of primary Sjögren's syndrome patients.

A paired-sample metagenomic study of 86 CRC patients and 86 matched controls found new species-level associations, including Parvimonas micra and Collinsella, linked to colorectal cancer.

Sardinian fermented milk casu axedu boosted Prevotella and Phascolarctobacterium in rats while cutting bacterial virulence factors and host inflammatory markers.

Integrating tumor metagenomics with peripheral immune profiling in newly diagnosed DLBCL patients revealed distinct gut bacterial abundances linked to NCCN-IPI risk groups.

Found reduced Bifidobacteriaceae and Bacteroides in infants with non-IgE cow's milk allergy fed vegetable-based formulas versus hydrolyzed formula.

Gut microbiota differed between breast cancer patients and controls, but menopausal status itself showed little independent effect on microbial composition.

Patients with schizophrenia had less diverse gut microbiomes, and germ-free mice given their stool developed schizophrenia-relevant behaviors with altered hippocampal glutamate, glutamine, and GABA, suggesting the microbiome itself can shift brain chemistry.

Children with beta-cell autoimmunity had fewer lactate- and butyrate-producing gut bacteria and Bifidobacterium species, and more Bacteroides, than matched autoantibody-negative children.

A multiomic pilot in psoriasis found the gut microbiome had higher functional diversity and split into three subgroups with distinct microbial and immune features, some resembling inflammatory bowel disease and psoriatic arthritis signatures.

Combining ten cohorts of 567 IBS patients and 487 controls, IBS was associated with lower gut bacterial diversity and 21 differentially abundant species, though a small pediatric case-control study alone showed no diversity difference.

Healthy Bangladeshi children carried significantly greater and compositionally distinct gut bacterial diversity than U.S. children of the same age.

In 2689 pregnant Chinese women, vaginal microbiota composition and sialidase activity showed no association with preterm birth risk.