Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Rumen-derived Stenotrophomonas and LPS translocation into the bloodstream drove mastitis in dairy cows with subacute rumen acidosis.

Chinese patients with schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome show reduced gut bacterial diversity, altered short-chain-fatty-acid-producing genera, and immune cytokine changes linked to disease severity.

Blood microbiome alpha diversity was significantly lower in women with PCOS, with distinct taxonomic shifts versus healthy controls.

In Turkish patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, the gut microbiome shifted compared with healthy spouses, with less Firmicutes and more Verrucomicrobiota. Lactobacillus and Akkermansiaceae increased while several butyrate-related genera fell, and disease duration and non-motor symptoms tracked with these microbial changes.

A meta-analysis found gut microbiome composition, especially Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Prevotella copri abundance, distinguishes obese children with MASLD or MASH and predicts disease severity with high accuracy.

Conjunctival sac microbial diversity was reduced in dry eye patients, with the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio highest in Sjögren's-associated dry eye.

Gut microbiota abundances of Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, and Lachnospira were elevated in men with high-Gleason prostate cancer, and a bacterial-genus index outperformed PSA testing for detecting high-risk disease.

Before nutritional therapy, women whose gestational diabetes did not respond to treatment showed gut microbiomes enriched in Desulfovibrio and other taxa, unlike those who achieved glycemic control.

Proteobacteria rose to 75 percent of conjunctival flora in Demodex blepharitis, with Sphingobium sp. YG1 and Acinetobacter guillouiae marking more severe disease.

A metagenome-wide association study found distinct gut microbial genes, strains, and functions enriched at each step of the adenoma to carcinoma sequence.

Patients with dermatomyositis showed lower gut microbial diversity than healthy controls, with the greatest loss linked to higher disease damage scores and to interstitial lung disease-associated autoantibodies.

Severe early childhood caries saliva shows enriched Streptococcus mutans and cariogenic taxa alongside 1,226 shifted metabolites, notably amino acid pathways.

A shotgun metagenomic study found Bilophila wadsworthia enrichment and a gut microbial signature that discriminated Parkinson's disease patients from healthy spouses with 0.803 AUC.

Severe chemoradiation mucositis in head and neck cancer was linked to gut enrichment in Ruminococcus gnavus and Hungatella hathewayi, plus shorter survival.

Tuberculous meningitis patients showed gut dysbiosis dominated by Escherichia-Shigella alongside elevated plasma TNF-α and IL-6.

High-fat feeding, not obesity itself, reshaped mouse gut microbiota composition and function, using two mouse strains with divergent obesity responses.

Gut microbiota profiling found that depleted Faecalibacterium prausnitzii tracked with worse survival in NK/T-cell lymphoma, and restoring it suppressed tumor growth via JAK-STAT dampening.

Late-life depression was linked to systemic inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis, with shifts in Verrucomicrobia, Megamonas, Citrobacter, and Akkermansia abundance versus healthy controls.

In 83 infertile women undergoing IVF and 37 controls, vaginal microbiota structure differed between polycystic ovary syndrome and tubal-factor infertility. A pre-transfer vagina dominated by Gardnerella, alongside Lactobacillus iners, was linked to IVF failure.

Inactive and obese colorectal cancer patients showed lower gut microbial diversity than active, normal-weight patients, per 16S sequencing of 179 pre-surgery stool samples.

Shotgun metagenomics found gut microbial and functional shifts in early, L-DOPA-naïve Parkinson's patients, separating them from controls with ROC-AUC 0.84.

Healthy pregnant women carried more Lactobacillus iners, and their strains resisted biofilm formation better than disease-linked strains.

A randomized controlled trial found that the Spleen-strengthening and Liver-draining herbal formula improved NAFLD alongside measurable shifts in intestinal flora composition.

In 6763 Finnish adults followed over 15 years, both existing and newly developing atrial fibrillation were linked to specific gut genera, notably Enorma and Bifidobacterium, though overall microbial diversity did not distinguish patients.