Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Probiotics in extremely preterm infants raised gut Lactobacillus abundance and were linked to fewer parenteral-nutrition days and lower late-onset sepsis rates.

Fecal 16S rRNA sequencing in 82 schizophrenia patients versus 80 matched controls found altered gut microbiota composition tracking with symptom severity.

Peritoneal fluid extracellular vesicles showed increased Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, and Enhydrobacter in women with ovarian endometrioma.

This 16S rRNA study found people with obesity had significantly reduced gut microbiota diversity and a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared to controls.

Verrucomicrobia was significantly more abundant in colorectal cancer patients, while Megamonas, Lachnospira, and Romboutsia were depleted versus healthy controls.

In patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, higher urinary phthalate metabolites tracked with a distinct gut microbiota and metabolome, including elevated Ruminococcus gnavus and reduced Prevotella.

Bile and duodenal microbiota shared dominant Proteobacteria and Firmicutes phyla, supporting duodenal-biliary bacterial reflux in choledocholithiasis.

High-protein diets shift gut microbiota composition, raising secondary bile acids and glucagon that together drive hepatic amino acid breakdown.

In 34 multiple myeloma patients, higher relative abundance of Eubacterium hallii was linked to minimal residual disease negativity after induction therapy.

In 39 pregnant Finnish women, HPV infection was linked to shifted bacterial communities at three body sites, including higher Lactobacillaceae and Ureaplasma in placenta, Haemophilus and Peptostreptococcus in cervix, and Selenomonas plus greater bacterial richness in the mouth.

In 69 Brazilian pregnant women, Lactobacillus species were enriched in those who delivered at term while an unknown Prevotella species was more abundant in spontaneous preterm deliveries, marking Prevotella as a candidate biomarker for preterm labor.

Gut microbiota composition differed significantly in Graves' disease patients, with lower Firmicutes and higher Bacteroidetes, distinguishing them with 0.825 AUC.

In 273 Costa Rican women with new high-risk HPV infections, baseline Gardnerella predicted progression to precancer while Lactobacillus was protective, and analysis showed Gardnerella acted mainly by raising cervicovaginal diversity over time, which itself drove progression.

In a 4-month randomized trial in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, resistant starch cut intrahepatic triglyceride content by 9.08% (5.89% after adjusting for weight loss). The benefit tracked with reduced Bacteroides stercoris and lower serum branched-chain amino acids.

Preservation buffers, DNA extraction methods, PCR cycle number, and sequencing batch effects all introduce measurable technical bias into microbiome study results.

Oral microbiome diversity dropped in HIV-infected MSM, with Prevotella and Streptococcus rising even after 12 weeks of antiretroviral therapy.

A retrospective metagenomic analysis found that a 7-day amoxicillin course for severe acute malnutrition altered children's gut microbiome and resistome.

In 189 newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients, gut microbial diversity was lower than in healthy controls, and Enterobacteriaceae were enriched. Greater Enterobacteriaceae abundance correlated with febrile neutropenia, relapse, and shorter progression-free survival (p 0.007).

Gut microbial diversity was significantly reduced and Bacteroidetes proportion increased in patients with severe active Graves' orbitopathy versus controls.

Gut bacterial diversity fell in pulmonary tuberculosis and fell further when type 2 diabetes was present. The Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio rose in tuberculosis patients with diabetes, and butyrate-producing families were consistently suppressed.

HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy retain a distinct gut microbiome, depleted in Clostridia and enriched in facultative anaerobes, linked to chronic inflammation.

Women with stage 3 or 4 endometriosis had lower gut bacterial diversity and a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio than controls, alongside elevated estradiol and IL-8. Blautia and Dorea correlated with estradiol, and Subdoligranulum with IL-8.

According to PubMed, recovered COVID-19 healthcare workers showed reduced gut bacterial diversity three months after discharge, with specific taxa tracking fatigue, myalgia, chest tightness, and anorexia (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1206-5).

Gut microbiota composition, including Bifidobacterium adolescentis levels and bacterial flagellar/fimbrial abundance, was associated with COVID-19 vaccine immune response and adverse events.