Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

In adults with NASH, longitudinal improvement in liver stiffness tracked with shifts in gut bacterial taxa, including reduced Lactobacillus abundance, alongside less consistent movement toward a healthy-donor microbial profile.

Overweight/obese preschoolers had more Enterobacteriaceae but less Desulfovibrio and Akkermansia muciniphila-like bacteria than normal-weight peers.

Found reduced gut bacterial diversity and elevated fecal polyamines, cadaverine and putrescine, distinguishing colorectal cancer patients from healthy volunteers.

Higher gut microbial diversity and enrichment of Ruminococcaceae bacteria were linked to better response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients.

Found Firmicutes and Actinobacteria enriched and Bacteroidetes depleted in both major depressive disorder and bipolar depression.

Women with overactive bladder had a urinary microbiome of lower diversity and richness than controls, with 7 genera increased and 13 decreased. Greater depression scores tracked with even lower urinary bacterial diversity and richness.

A 1,801-woman metagenomic survey across four African countries links urbanization to loss of Treponema and gain of Bifidobacterium, and finds a novel HIV-associated gut taxa signature.

A pilot 16S rRNA study found salivary microbiome shifts in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients that may track clinical features like tumour HPV status and smoking history.

A cross-cohort analysis of 8,117 gut metagenomes links strain-level dysbiosis, including enriched Clostridium bolteae and depleted Butyrivibrio crossotus, to type 2 diabetes.

Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis lowered Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes and raised Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in newborn gut microbiota.

Omnivore and vegan diets, but not fiber-free enteral nutrition, reshaped fecal amino-acid metabolism by favoring amino-acid-metabolizing Firmicutes, with only modest effects on plasma metabolites.

Adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 showed a significantly higher upper respiratory tract bacterial species count than uninfected controls.

Cholestatic infants had significantly lower gut microbial diversity than healthy infants (Shannon 2.22 vs 2.67, p = 0.013), with 13 differentially abundant genera and a bacterial biomarker set that separated the groups at AUC above 0.97.

In the first gut microbiome study of Indian Parkinson's patients, 23 cases showed more Christensenellaceae, Oscillospiraceae, and the previously unlinked Clostridia UCG-014, alongside fewer short-chain fatty acid producers like Blautia and Faecalibacterium.

Violent schizophrenia patients showed enriched Bacteroidetes and Bacteroides uniformis but depleted Bifidobacterium versus nonviolent patients.

Cecum metagenomes of Ethiopian indigenous chickens show Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes dominance and altitude-linked differences in taxa, function, and antibiotic resistance genes.

A cohort study found Parkinson's disease patients had distinct gut microbiota, including higher Bacteroides, Butyricimonas, and Akkermansia muciniphila, compared with healthy controls.

A 599-adult, two-population 16S study found obesity linked to reduced gut species richness, altered composition, and a consistent taxonomic signature predicting obesity with about 70 percent accuracy.

Fecal 16S analysis found pediatric ALL patients had a gut microbiota composition distinct from healthy children, with shifts in taxa such as Roseburia faecis linked to interleukin-10 levels.

Neonates of mothers with gestational diabetes had lower gut microbiota richness and altered composition persisting through 9 months.

Fecal Faecalibacterium fell while Bifidobacterium rose in Chinese Alzheimer's patients, tracking cognitive decline on MMSE and WAIS scores.

In a Quebec case-control study of 450 pregnancies, women whose early-pregnancy vaginal community was dominated by bacterial vaginosis bacteria (Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae) had over four times the risk of early spontaneous preterm birth, while several Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species tracked with lower risk.

Gut bacterial diversity fell in type 2 diabetes, with Bacteroidetes down and Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia up.

The gut microbiome of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae shifted sharply across its life cycle, with Cyanobacteria dominating larvae and pupae and Proteobacteria dominating adults. A blood meal collapsed diversity and enriched redox-capable enteric bacteria, with Enterobacteriaceae reaching about 69 percent.