Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

In Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, Zika virus reshaped the microbiome in a host-line-dependent way. One lab line lost bacterial density after infection while another gained it, and infection rates differed (44% versus 26%), showing mosquito-virus-microbiome interactions are not universal.

In 60 Thai adults, two gut fungal enterotypes emerged: a Saccharomyces type with low diversity linked to carbohydrate metabolism, and an Aspergillus/Penicillium type linked to lipid metabolism, and each shaped how diet related to body composition.

In 252 Chinese adults, an Anaerostipes-enriched gut microbial subgroup was more abundant in people with better cognition and lower in Alzheimer's disease. Its abundance was negatively correlated with a polygenic risk score for AD, pointing to a genetically shaped, potentially protective gut signature.

Gut microbiome composition predicted transit time class with 0.82 AUC, outperforming stool consistency and frequency as markers.

Metagenome analysis found distinct gut bacterial community shifts, with low diversity in IBD and high diversity in colorectal cancer versus healthy subjects.

Baseline gut microbiome features predicted remission on vedolizumab in IBD. A neural network combining microbial taxa, functional pathways and clinical data (vedoNet) classified week-14 remission with an AUC of 0.872.

In 150 people, saliva and tongue coating from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and at-risk individuals shared a proinflammatory profile, with Prevotella and Veillonella enriched versus healthy controls, while subgingival plaque and periodontal measures did not differ.

A meta-analysis of 13 fecal metagenomes across Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and colorectal cancer identifies shared and disease-specific microbial and pathway markers powering multidisease diagnostic models.

In 73 men, semen microbiome differences tracked abnormal semen parameters. Abnormal sperm motility carried more Lactobacillus iners (9.4 versus 2.6 percent, p = 0.046), and abnormal sperm concentration carried more Pseudomonas stutzeri and fluorescens but less Pseudomonas putida.

In mild COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal long-COVID symptoms, gut microbes of the Proteobacteria phylum, including Neisseria, Lautropia and Agrobacterium, ectopically colonized the oral cavity and correlated with potentially harmful serum metabolites. Patients without long-COVID symptoms showed little microbiome change.

Solvent-detergent treated phage transplants cleared C. difficile in 7 of 8 mice, outperforming standard fecal transplant.

In adults with colorectal polyps, the mucosal microbiome differed sharply from the fecal microbiome, which was richer and more diverse in tissue. Fecal samples poorly represented mucosal communities, and Fusobacterium appeared to normally colonize mucosa, so its rise in feces may signal mucosal injury.

Term small-for-gestational-age infants showed lower gut microbial diversity in the first week of life than appropriate-for-gestational-age infants, in a study tied to 6-month neurodevelopmental follow-up.

Thalassemia patients with iron overload showed gut dysbiosis and altered gut bacteria linked to cognitive impairment, while blood carried no detectable microbiota.

In sporadic Parkinson's disease, patients with mild cognitive impairment showed distinct gut microbiota shifts, including enriched Rikenellaceae and Ruminococcaceae, compared with cognitively normal patients and healthy controls.

A 14-person, three-day juicing intervention found a pre-intervention elimination diet significantly shifted saliva microbiome composition, including a reduction in Firmicutes.

A 460-woman metagenomic and metabolomic study links reduced defecation frequency to lower Fusobacterium varium abundance and elevated serum butyrate, which impaired enteric neuron proliferation in vitro.

Patients with favorable three-month outcomes after ischemic stroke showed greater gut bacterial richness and less abundance of pathogenic taxa like Pseudomonas and Porphyromonas than those with unfavorable outcomes.

Geography shaped Tibeto-Burman hill-tribe gut microbiota more strongly than ethnicity, while ethnicity mainly tracked dietary differences.

A four-week whole-grain diet reshaped the gut microbiome and lowered plasma IL-6 and peak postprandial glucose. Whole grains increased microbial diversity, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and Blautia, while barley enriched Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, and Dialister.

Young-onset colorectal cancer tumors show significantly higher microbial diversity than average-onset tumors, with distinct enrichment of Akkermansia and Bacteroides.

Metagenomic sequencing found reduced gut microbial diversity and altered species, including more Bacteroides fragilis, in patients with non-segmental vitiligo versus healthy controls.

Shotgun metagenomics of 95 people showed that dry eye disease is marked by lower conjunctival microbial diversity and greater person-to-person variation. Twenty-three species reached abnormally high abundance in a subset of patients, and different dry eye subtypes carried distinct microbial signatures.

Deep metagenomic sequencing of 136 fecal samples built 952 high-quality microbial genomes and found Ruminococcus bromii was significantly less diverse at the strain level in Parkinson's disease than in controls (p equals 0.002), with control samples also carrying more copies of genes like speF.