Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Ascaris suum infection reduced colonic microbial diversity and altered the abundance of 49 genera and 179 OTUs in pigs.

Found HR-HPV infected South African women had significantly higher Aerococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae than LR-HPV or HPV-negative women.

Found cigarette smoking depleted aerobic oral bacteria (enrichment score −0.75, P = .002) in 259 NYC HANES participants.

Found winter air pollution shifted oropharyngeal microbiota composition and correlated with reduced lung function in young adults.

Chinese NSCLC patients with higher baseline gut microbiome diversity had longer progression-free survival on anti-PD-1 therapy.

Found that current smokers had enriched Actinobacteria and depleted Proteobacteria compared to never smokers, reversing after cessation.

Found lower fecal microbial diversity and higher Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium in multiple myeloma patients versus healthy controls.

According to PubMed, FMT successfully altered gut microbiota composition and function in IBS patients, but this modulation was not linked to symptom relief (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-024-00549-x).

Ambient temperature reshaped the gut microbiota of the frog Xenopus tropicalis, shifting beta-diversity and signature taxa between warm and cool conditions, though overall alpha diversity stayed unchanged. Gut communities were distinct from the surrounding water and food, showing the amphibian gut selectively enriched bacteria that were rare in its environment.

Fermented corn-soybean meal boosted serum IgG and IgM in grower-finisher pigs while shifting gut bacteria toward Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and altering colonic metabolites.

In a cross-sectional study of IgA nephropathy patients, both gut and respiratory microbial diversity were reduced, and machine-learning models classified the disease with high accuracy, reaching an AUC of 0.99 for respiratory microbiota.

A combined human and bacterial small RNA plus metagenomic signature from stool distinguished colorectal cancer from adenoma and healthy samples with an AUC of 0.87.

Germ-free mice that received stool from polycystic ovary syndrome patients developed an obese-like phenotype, insulin resistance, lipid disturbance and disrupted ovarian function, showing PCOS traits can travel with the gut microbiome. Their microbiota was enriched in Phocaeicola, Mediterraneibacter, Oscillospiraceae, Lawsonibacter and Rikenellaceae.

Low Streptococcus with high Akkermansia marked transient atopic dermatitis, while low Clostridium and Akkermansia with high Streptococcus marked persistent disease.

In 45 ulcerative colitis patients on vedolizumab, those with latent tuberculosis had lower gut microbial diversity than those without. Vedolizumab worked well (52-week clinical remission 75%) and increased diversity, while 12 months of prophylactic isoniazid had little effect on the microbiota or on treatment response.

In a cluster-randomized trial in Niger, four rounds of mass azithromycin to children aged 1 to 59 months raised gut macrolide resistance genes 1.16-fold versus placebo, driven by an erythromycin methylation gene, but did not significantly increase resistance in the nasopharynx or to other antibiotic classes.

In pancreatic cancer patients, salivary Granulicatella adiacens and fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum were sharply elevated, while Neisseria elongata, Roseburia intestinalis, and Bifidobacterium bifidum were reduced, all at p below 0.001.

Saliva from colorectal cancer patients differed compositionally from healthy controls (Bray-Curtis PCoA p equals 0.003) despite similar alpha diversity. One bacterial phylum absent in controls appeared in cancer patients, and LEfSe flagged eight species as candidate non-invasive biomarkers.

Found Bacteroidetes dominant in Qatari salivary microbiome, with lower diversity and altered genera linked to age, smoking, and oral disease.

Gynecologic cancer patients had lower Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and 16 dysbiosis-linked phylogroups enriched versus healthy postmenopausal women.

Munitions exposure shifted tadpole skin microbiomes toward Proteobacteria and cut alpha diversity, with parallel host immune gene changes.

Of four anti-obesity drugs tested in obese rats, only sibutramine drove weight loss, which tracked with a higher Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio and altered inflammation-linked microbial genes.

Gastric cancer patients showed a distinct microbiota with 6 genera enriched and 18 depleted versus superficial gastritis patients.

In HPV-infected Puerto Rican women, cervical bacterial diversity rose with more severe precancerous lesions (CIN3 versus CIN1), while cervicovaginal fungal diversity rose with high-risk HPV infection, pointing to distinct roles for bacteria and fungi.