Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

In chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, serum bile acids and arachidonic acid rose sharply while gut opportunistic pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae expanded and secondary bile acid producing microbes declined, suggesting a metabolome-microbiome signature that could serve as a CIDP biomarker.

Spike-specific IgA and IgG in breast milk peaked one week after the second BNT162b2 dose, while beneficial microbes like Bifidobacterium remained stable despite dynamic shifts in overall milk microbiota composition.

Bacteroides dorei bloomed early in stool of Finnish children before autoimmune seroconversion, marking a candidate gut-microbiome signal preceding type 1 diabetes risk.

Found Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, and Streptococcus enriched in colorectal tumor tissue versus adjacent tissue and stool.

Second-line drugs for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis reshaped the gut microbiome, enriching 11 potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae species like Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae during the intensive phase while depleting beneficial butyrate producers, and inhibiting amino acid biosynthesis pathways.

Geographic origin shaped gut microbiota composition more than BMI or gender, and Firmicutes fell with rising BMI in 30 Colombian adults.

In 62 Guatemalan mother-infant pairs, human milk microbiome composition tracked infant head circumference. DESeq2 found 26 differentially abundant species; adequate head growth aligned with Firmicutes colonizers, while smaller heads aligned with more environmental and potentially opportunistic species in late lactation.

A machine-learning model combining the lower respiratory microbiome with host gene expression from lung lavage distinguished respiratory tract infection from non-infection with an AUC of 0.937. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most enriched pathogen and correlated strongly with host inflammation genes.

Micronutrient supplementation shifted gut microbiota in children with ADHD, lowering Actinobacteriota and raising two butyrate producing families in symptom responders.

Gut microbiome composition during COVID-19 hospitalization correlated with disease severity and fecal viral shedding, distinguishing patients from healthy and pneumonia controls.

Pyrosequencing of Thai vegetarian and non-vegetarian gut microflora found Prevotella copri dominant in vegetarians and Bacteroides vulgatus plus Escherichia hermanii-related bacteria dominant in non-vegetarians.

Amomum tsaoko flavonoids eased rotenone-induced Parkinson's symptoms in mice while reversing gut dysbiosis, including reduced Desulfovibrio abundance.

Psychological stress in rats disrupted intestinal and blood-brain barrier tight junction proteins alongside altered gut microbiota, including elevated Intestinimonas, Catenisphaera, and Globicatella.

A Chinese pilot study found gut microbiota dysbiosis and altered short-chain fatty acids in encephalitis patients, linked to markers of intestinal barrier disruption and disease severity.

The buccal microbiome differed between uveitic glaucoma and open-angle glaucoma, with Lactobacillus and Proteus depleted and Enterococcus enriched in uveitic glaucoma, suggesting microbiome composition may contribute to uveitic glaucoma pathogenesis.

Perinatally HIV-infected children showed elevated gut Prevotella that persisted despite ART and correlated with IP-10 levels.

A single feeding rapidly reshaped the clownfish gut microbiome. One sequence variant rose from under 0.5 percent of reads before feeding to 34 percent just 1.5 hours after feeding, showing that the act of eating, not diet type, destabilizes the gut community.

Age at relocation to the USA reshapes Latino gut microbiome diversity and Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratios, with low bacterial diversity linked to obesity.

In loperamide-constipated mice, adhesive Bifidobacterium strains (CMB1) relieved constipation more effectively than non-adhesive strains by reshaping cecal and fecal microbiota and boosting fecal short-chain fatty acids.

During IVF, supraphysiological estradiol shifted the vaginal microbiome toward Lactobacillus dominance and cut diversity, but this did not improve pregnancy outcomes. Streptococcus rose with estradiol and predicted failed pregnancy, marking it as a possible mediator of poor reproductive success.

In a Parkinson's mouse model, intestinal barrier disruption without systemic inflammation did not worsen motor deficits or brain pathology.

A controlled prebiotic-spike experiment found strong, predictable strain- and gene-level microbial responses, yet diet-induced stress and reduced biodiversity rather than reduced day-to-day variability.

Preterm infants' gut microbiota grew more homogeneous by one month, with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus rising as pathogenic genera declined.

Among 144 Tanzanian women, HIV-positive patients carried richer cervical bacterial communities than HIV-negative patients, and Mycoplasma rose steadily with lesion severity, reaching 5.0% of reads in HIV-positive women with high-grade lesions versus 0.2% in normal cervices.