Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Gut microbial diversity fell in Chinese pancreatic carcinoma patients (Shannon 2.82 versus 3.17), and a panel of 40 fecal genera classified cancer versus healthy controls with an area under the curve of 0.842.

Analyzing 333 Chinese adults by enterotype, depression-linked gut microbiome differences were strongest within the Lachnospiraceae enterotype (ET-L), where Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium were raised and metabolic pathways for glucose, neurotransmitters, and amino acids showed negative associations with depression. Alpha diversity did not differ overall.

Fecal 16S sequencing showed the gut bacterial community differs between lung cancer patients and healthy volunteers, and specific gut genera correlated with serum inflammatory biomarkers, the first such link reported for lung cancer.

A meta-analysis of ten 16S datasets finds consistent Parkinson's disease gut dysbiosis, enrichment of Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium alongside depletion of short-chain fatty acid producers.

Fusobacterium sequences were enriched in colorectal carcinomas while Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were depleted, across whole-genome sequencing, quantitative PCR, and 16S rDNA analyses.

In prion-infected mice, the gut microbiota shifted toward more Proteobacteria and fewer Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae, and 145 faecal metabolites changed, including drops in short-chain fatty acids and rises in hydrophobic bile acids.

The follicular skin microbiome in hidradenitis suppurativa differed significantly from that of healthy controls in both lesional and nonlesional skin, with Propionibacterium depleted in HS and a distinct Porphyromonas and Peptoniphilus community (type IV) present only in HS lesions.

In 105 full-term infants, cesarean delivery and both prenatal and peripartum antibiotics were each associated with differences in the meconium microbiome. Proteobacteria dominated meconium at 65 percent, and cesarean-born infants showed altered diversity and lower relative abundance of a facultative anaerobic genus compared with vaginal delivery.

Delivering Bifidobacterium longum directly to the colon in release capsules eased loperamide-induced constipation in rats, and lower colonic doses often worked better than high doses, which could disturb the gut flora balance.

In pediatric Crohn disease, ASCA-positive and ASCA-negative patients showed similar mucosal microbial diversity, but Ruminococcus torques and Yersinia enterocolitica differed significantly between groups.

In mostly iron-replete Cambodian women, 12 weeks of iron supplements did not change overall gut diversity, but ferrous sulfate raised the odds of carrying an EPEC virulence gene more than fivefold and ferrous bisglycinate increased Enterobacteriaceae.

COVID-19 patients showed reduced gut bacterial diversity and more opportunistic pathogens such as Streptococcus, Rothia, Veillonella, and Actinomyces than healthy people. A five-microbe signature separated COVID-19 from controls with accuracy up to 0.89.

In the largest pediatric Crohn's cohort studied to date, a dysbiosis axis of increased Proteobacteria-type taxa and decreased Clostridiales tracked with disease, worsened by antibiotics.

A four-year prospective study of 70 children found gut microbiota clustered into distinct biodiversity groups linked to diet and inflammation, predating excess weight gain in more than half of them.

Chronic alcohol worsened periodontal bone damage in rats and shifted their oral microbial community, linking alcohol exposure to dysbiosis-driven periodontitis.

COVID-19 patients showed reduced oral and gut microbial diversity, with fewer butyric-acid-producing and more lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria. Classifiers built on 8 oral and 7 fecal microbial markers diagnosed COVID-19 with area-under-curve values above 0.87, and diagnosed antibody-positive suspected cases.

The gut microbiota of postmenopausal breast cancer patients showed higher microbial diversity and 45 differentially abundant species (38 enriched, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Prevotella amnii, and Enterococcus gallinarum) compared with matched controls, whereas premenopausal patients showed no significant compositional differences.

Gastric cancer tissue carried a richer, more connected mucosal community than paired non-cancer tissue, with oral bacteria enriched in tumors and lactic-acid bacteria depleted.

In ART-treated people with HIV, oral bacterial diversity tracked immune markers while oral fungal diversity was reduced in plaque from teeth with more severe periodontitis.

Patients with mild cognitive impairment showed gut microbiota alterations closely resembling those of Alzheimer's disease, including reduced microbial diversity and increased Escherichia, suggesting dysbiosis is already present before dementia onset.

Gut microbiota composition differed by sex and stool consistency, but not by age or sex, in alpha-diversity among 277 healthy Japanese adults.

Asthmatic patients showed significantly greater nasal microbiome alpha diversity than controls, and meta-analysis across two ancestry cohorts identified 11 microbial species associated with asthma.

Fecal microbiota profiles differed by constipation subtype, and depression and poor sleep independently predicted shifts in specific bacterial families among constipation patients.

Colorectal cancer patients showed distinct gut microbial diversity and composition from their caregivers, with high sleep efficiency linked to greater microbial diversity in patients.