Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Found HR-HPV infected South African women had significantly higher Aerococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae than LR-HPV or HPV-negative women.

A Chinese pilot study found gut microbiota dysbiosis and altered short-chain fatty acids in encephalitis patients, linked to markers of intestinal barrier disruption and disease severity.

The buccal microbiome differed between uveitic glaucoma and open-angle glaucoma, with Lactobacillus and Proteus depleted and Enterococcus enriched in uveitic glaucoma, suggesting microbiome composition may contribute to uveitic glaucoma pathogenesis.

In 73 men, semen microbiome differences tracked abnormal semen parameters. Abnormal sperm motility carried more Lactobacillus iners (9.4 versus 2.6 percent, p = 0.046), and abnormal sperm concentration carried more Pseudomonas stutzeri and fluorescens but less Pseudomonas putida.

Perinatally HIV-infected children showed elevated gut Prevotella that persisted despite ART and correlated with IP-10 levels.

A single feeding rapidly reshaped the clownfish gut microbiome. One sequence variant rose from under 0.5 percent of reads before feeding to 34 percent just 1.5 hours after feeding, showing that the act of eating, not diet type, destabilizes the gut community.

In 47 irritable bowel syndrome patients, fecal microbiota differed from healthy controls, with lower Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and higher Gram-negative bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in nearly all patients (97.9 percent) versus one third of controls.

Maternal gut microbiota at 32 weeks gestation, not vaginal microbiota, was the dominant source of meconium and day-14 gut microbiota in vaginally delivered infants.

COVID-19 patients showed reduced oral and gut microbial diversity, with fewer butyric-acid-producing and more lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria. Classifiers built on 8 oral and 7 fecal microbial markers diagnosed COVID-19 with area-under-curve values above 0.87, and diagnosed antibody-positive suspected cases.

In loperamide-constipated mice, adhesive Bifidobacterium strains (CMB1) relieved constipation more effectively than non-adhesive strains by reshaping cecal and fecal microbiota and boosting fecal short-chain fatty acids.

Chronic alcohol worsened periodontal bone damage in rats and shifted their oral microbial community, linking alcohol exposure to dysbiosis-driven periodontitis.

Maternal low-protein diet, not niacin deficiency, cut litter size and offspring growth while reducing short-chain-fatty-acid-producing gut bacteria in hamster offspring.

In 49 faecal samples, the gut microbiome of adults with social anxiety disorder differed in composition from controls. The genera Anaeromassilibacillus and Gordonibacter were elevated in patients, while Parasutterella was enriched in healthy controls.

In a Parkinson's mouse model, intestinal barrier disruption without systemic inflammation did not worsen motor deficits or brain pathology.

In postmenopausal women, a low-fat vegan diet with daily soybeans cut total hot flashes by 95 percent, and shifts in specific gut bacteria such as Porphyromonas and Prevotella corporis tracked with reductions in severe hot flashes.

Munitions exposure shifted tadpole skin microbiomes toward Proteobacteria and cut alpha diversity, with parallel host immune gene changes.

A controlled prebiotic-spike experiment found strong, predictable strain- and gene-level microbial responses, yet diet-induced stress and reduced biodiversity rather than reduced day-to-day variability.

Preterm infants' gut microbiota grew more homogeneous by one month, with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus rising as pathogenic genera declined.

In 30 South Korean adults, gastric mucosal microbiota shifted with body mass index even after excluding Helicobacter pylori. The overweight and obese group showed lower evenness (Gini-Simpson p=0.049) and distinct community structure (Bray-Curtis ANOSIM p=0.005), with several bacterial species declining as BMI rose.

A four-year prospective study of 70 children found gut microbiota clustered into distinct biodiversity groups linked to diet and inflammation, predating excess weight gain in more than half of them.

Fermentable inulin fiber protected mice against high-fat-diet obesity mainly by restoring gut bacteria and triggering IL-22, not through short-chain fatty acids or the GPR43 receptor. IL-22, made by innate lymphoid cells, rebuilt the colon lining and blocked bacterial encroachment.

In a cluster-randomized trial in Niger, four rounds of mass azithromycin to children aged 1 to 59 months raised gut macrolide resistance genes 1.16-fold versus placebo, driven by an erythromycin methylation gene, but did not significantly increase resistance in the nasopharynx or to other antibiotic classes.

In the largest pediatric Crohn's cohort studied to date, a dysbiosis axis of increased Proteobacteria-type taxa and decreased Clostridiales tracked with disease, worsened by antibiotics.

HTLV-1 infection and progression to HAM/TSP tracked with gut dysbiosis, an inverted Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and reduced Faecalibacterium in the most affected patients.