Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Across three laboratory strains of the African malaria vector Anopheles funestus, salivary glands carried significantly richer bacteria than midguts or ovaries, and the insecticide-susceptible FANG strain held the lowest diversity, pointing to a shared core microbiota that could support paratransgenesis.

Pretreatment gut microbiota, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and metabolites like anacardic acid tracked with immune checkpoint therapy response in melanoma patients.

In 29 children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, gut microbial diversity was significantly reduced versus healthy peers, and the enthesitis-related subtype carried microbes enriched for motility and chemotaxis genes, potential virulence traits linked to gut inflammation.

In diabetes patients, lower gut Butyricicoccus and Ruminococcus torques marked diabetic retinopathy, and in a 2-year follow-up, low baseline Butyricicoccus and plasma acetate were prospectively linked to higher retinopathy incidence.

In hemodialysis patients, constipation was linked to lower and less even gut bacterial diversity. Enterococcus, Eggerthella, Prevotella_7 and other genera were enriched, while Kineothrix, Rhodopirellula and Weissella were depleted compared with hemodialysis patients without constipation.

Oral Bifidobacterium probiotics raised Treg, Tfr, and Breg cells and cut leptin nearly in half in gestational diabetes mice.

In an Indian cohort, vitiligo patients showed gut dysbiosis with a lower Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, depletion of butyrate-producing bacteria, and more mucin-degrading genes, and a cross-cohort classifier separated patients from controls with about 82 percent accuracy.

The gut microbiota of postmenopausal breast cancer patients showed higher microbial diversity and 45 differentially abundant species (38 enriched, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Prevotella amnii, and Enterococcus gallinarum) compared with matched controls, whereas premenopausal patients showed no significant compositional differences.

Colorectal cancer patients carried a distinct gut microbiota, with more opportunistic pathogens like Enterococcus, Escherichia/Shigella and Bacteroides fragilis, and fewer butyrate-producing bacteria such as Roseburia.

Among 209 Ugandans, Schistosoma mansoni infection was linked to greater gut microbial diversity and a distinct profile, with Treponema enriched and Prevotella and Streptococcus depleted. Several infection-associated taxa statistically mediated links between infection and lower cardiovascular risk factors such as LDL cholesterol and blood pressure.

Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients had higher gut bacterial diversity and enrichment of nitrogen-recycling bacteria like Klebsiella. In mice, Klebsiella pneumoniae accelerated myeloma progression by synthesizing glutamine from urea nitrogen, and a glutamine-deficient diet slowed it.

Found Finnish children enriched for Blautia and Bifidobacterium, while Indian children showed higher Prevotella and Megasphaera.

In a randomized crossover trial of 130 South African adolescents, combined oral contraceptive use produced lower vaginal microbial diversity and fewer HIV risk-associated bacteria than an injectable or a vaginal ring. The vaginal ring raised inflammatory cytokines the most.

Children with functional constipation showed reduced gut microbial diversity and lower serum L-pipecolic acid. In loperamide-constipated mice, L-pipecolic acid restored fecal water content and intestinal transit, raised serotonin and 5-HT4R, and lowered aquaporin AQP3.

Among 84 adults with severe pneumonia, those positive for influenza virus had lung communities dominated by Acinetobacter baumannii, whereas influenza-negative patients were dominated by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Klebsiella was more abundant in the influenza-negative group.

Enterococcus faecalis and Lactococcus lactis predicted non-response to probiotics in IBS-D, while Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans rose in responders.

In Crohn's disease patients, those with mental disorders had lower terminal ileal microbial diversity, enriched Prevotella, and depleted Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium. Tryptophan catabolites picolinic acid, kynurenic acid and nicotinic acid were altered, with picolinic acid tracking anxiety scores.

In 29 constipated women of reproductive age versus 30 healthy controls, gut microbiota composition shifted even though overall diversity was similar. Constipated women had more Bacteroidetes and less Proteobacteria, a lower Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio of 1.52 versus 2.21, and fewer butyrate-producing bacteria.

Shotgun sequencing of urine found that most specimens from patients with suspected urinary tract infection overlapped with the range of asymptomatic microbiota states. Bacterial presence alone did not explain symptoms, and standard culture biased recovery toward Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae while missing other taxa.

FMT from an APOEe2-protected elderly donor improved short-term recognition memory in 3xTgAD mice but paradoxically increased hippocampal neuroinflammation.

Phylum-level fecal microbiota differences, especially higher Proteobacteria, distinguished colorectal adenoma patients from normal colonoscopy findings among FIT-positive screening participants.

In cancer-free men, oral infection with high-risk HPV was linked to a shifted oral microbiome only in HIV-negative individuals, where Parvimonas was enriched and Alloscardovia depleted, suggesting HIV status changes how HPV and oral bacteria interact.

High-fertility sows show elevated blood serotonin and enriched serotonin-related gut bacteria, both positively correlated with litter size.

In 47 irritable bowel syndrome patients, fecal microbiota differed from healthy controls, with lower Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and higher Gram-negative bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in nearly all patients (97.9 percent) versus one third of controls.