Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Cerebral infarction patients showed 72 significantly altered gut taxa versus healthy controls, with 22 identified as candidate microbial biomarkers.

Over four years, gut bacterial and viral richness declined in prediabetes patients while glycemia rose and insulin sensitivity fell in parallel.

Gut bacterial diversity fell in type 2 diabetes, with Bacteroidetes down and Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia up.

Current cigarette smokers showed depleted oral Proteobacteria (4.6 percent versus 11.7 percent in never smokers) and altered genus-level taxa, a study of 1204 US adults found.

Exclusive enteral nutrition drives individually variable, strain-level shifts in Lachnospiraceae and medium-chain fatty acids that induce remission in pediatric Crohn's disease.

Lung transplant recipients showed gut microbiota dominated by Enterococcus with depletion of butyrate-producing genera, alongside reduced all-trans retinoic acid and suppressed IgA production. Gut profiles did not distinguish stable transplants from chronic rejection.

Periodontitis-derived saliva worsened blood lipids in mice via the oral-gut axis. ApoE-null mice given periodontitis-patient salivary microbiota had higher total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol, plus gut dysbiosis where Prevotella tracked total cholesterol and Helicobacter tracked LDL.

Distinct oral microbial and metabolic signatures marked depression in patients, and transplanting stressed-mouse saliva into germ-free mice induced depression-like behavior via oral dysbiosis.

According to PubMed, recovered COVID-19 healthcare workers showed reduced gut bacterial diversity three months after discharge, with specific taxa tracking fatigue, myalgia, chest tightness, and anorexia (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1206-5).

Deep shotgun metagenomics of 19 Nigerian children with acute noma found the oral microbiome was strongly enriched for Treponema, Porphyromonas and Bacteroides and depleted of Streptococcus and Rothia. A novel spirochete, Treponema sp. A, appeared in 15 of 19 children yet was absent from healthy saliva.

Severe early childhood caries saliva shows enriched Streptococcus mutans and cariogenic taxa alongside 1,226 shifted metabolites, notably amino acid pathways.

In pregnant mice, gut microbiota composition shifted the severity of malaria infection and pregnancy outcomes independent of host genetics.

Three of four multi-strain Bifidobacterium/Lactobacillus probiotic blends relieved loperamide-induced constipation in mice, but the Bifidobacteria-dominated formulas did so by reshaping gut flora, boosting SCFAs, and restoring motilin/VIP levels.

Gut microbiota shifts through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and remains altered after colorectal cancer surgery, tracking with prognosis and new adenoma recurrence.

In ART-treated people with HIV, oral bacterial diversity tracked immune markers while oral fungal diversity was reduced in plaque from teeth with more severe periodontitis.

Weight restoration in anorexia nervosa raised microbial richness but failed to normalize gut microbiota, branched-chain fatty acids, or GI symptoms.

A multi-omics study found IBS is marked by broad shifts in gut microbiome composition and function across 16S sequencing, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics.

In 162 mother-infant pairs, the infant microbiome across skin, mouth, nose, and gut reorganized within six weeks after birth, driven mainly by body site rather than delivery mode; any cesarean-linked differences at birth had faded by six weeks.

Geographic origin shaped gut microbiota composition more than BMI or gender, and Firmicutes fell with rising BMI in 30 Colombian adults.

In a small Chinese case-control study, colorectal cancer patients showed a significant reduction in the butyrate-producing genus Eubacterium and a significant increase in Devosia, marking these bacteria as candidate biomarkers for early detection.

A title-only record indicates sibling microbial sharing may support metabolic functions that protect against allergy, though no abstract data confirm mechanisms or outcomes.

Among 323 Shanghai COVID-19 patients, superinfection rose from 0% in mild cases to 81.3% in critically severe ones, proven fungal co-infection was linked to higher mortality, and the critically severe airway microbiome was shaped mainly by intubation.

Gastric cancer tissue carried a richer, more connected mucosal community than paired non-cancer tissue, with oral bacteria enriched in tumors and lactic-acid bacteria depleted.

According to PubMed, this Indian cohort study found Flavonifractor plautii, a flavonoid-degrading bacterium, newly associated with colorectal cancer (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00438-19).