Karen Pendergrass, Standards Team

Lung transplant recipients showed gut microbiota dominated by Enterococcus with depletion of butyrate-producing genera, alongside reduced all-trans retinoic acid and suppressed IgA production. Gut profiles did not distinguish stable transplants from chronic rejection.

Periodontitis-derived saliva worsened blood lipids in mice via the oral-gut axis. ApoE-null mice given periodontitis-patient salivary microbiota had higher total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol, plus gut dysbiosis where Prevotella tracked total cholesterol and Helicobacter tracked LDL.

Distinct oral microbial and metabolic signatures marked depression in patients, and transplanting stressed-mouse saliva into germ-free mice induced depression-like behavior via oral dysbiosis.

A high-fat diet reshaped gut microbiota diversity and composition in rats, and transplanting that dysbiotic microbiota alone was sufficient to worsen erectile function.

Deep shotgun metagenomics of 19 Nigerian children with acute noma found the oral microbiome was strongly enriched for Treponema, Porphyromonas and Bacteroides and depleted of Streptococcus and Rothia. A novel spirochete, Treponema sp. A, appeared in 15 of 19 children yet was absent from healthy saliva.

In 59 pregnant women, oral microbiome sequencing from a single mouthwash sample identified 25 taxa that differed between preterm and full-term birth, most of them enriched in full-term births. A random forest model predicted preterm birth with a balanced accuracy of 0.765.

Three of four multi-strain Bifidobacterium/Lactobacillus probiotic blends relieved loperamide-induced constipation in mice, but the Bifidobacteria-dominated formulas did so by reshaping gut flora, boosting SCFAs, and restoring motilin/VIP levels.

Gut microbiota shifts through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and remains altered after colorectal cancer surgery, tracking with prognosis and new adenoma recurrence.

Patients with major depressive disorder had more Firmicutes and less Bacteroidetes in stool, plus raised Prevotella, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, and Clostridium XI; Prevotella and Klebsiella levels tracked with depression severity scores.

Weight restoration in anorexia nervosa raised microbial richness but failed to normalize gut microbiota, branched-chain fatty acids, or GI symptoms.

In 162 mother-infant pairs, the infant microbiome across skin, mouth, nose, and gut reorganized within six weeks after birth, driven mainly by body site rather than delivery mode; any cesarean-linked differences at birth had faded by six weeks.

In a small Chinese case-control study, colorectal cancer patients showed a significant reduction in the butyrate-producing genus Eubacterium and a significant increase in Devosia, marking these bacteria as candidate biomarkers for early detection.

Among 323 Shanghai COVID-19 patients, superinfection rose from 0% in mild cases to 81.3% in critically severe ones, proven fungal co-infection was linked to higher mortality, and the critically severe airway microbiome was shaped mainly by intubation.

In 251 duodenal aspirates from adults aged 18 to 80, the small intestinal microbiome lost diversity with age. Older subjects carried more Proteobacteria, especially coliform Enterobacteriaceae, and fewer Bacteroidetes. Some shifts tracked chronologic age alone, others tracked medication count or disease burden.

Across three laboratory strains of the African malaria vector Anopheles funestus, salivary glands carried significantly richer bacteria than midguts or ovaries, and the insecticide-susceptible FANG strain held the lowest diversity, pointing to a shared core microbiota that could support paratransgenesis.

Pretreatment gut microbiota, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and metabolites like anacardic acid tracked with immune checkpoint therapy response in melanoma patients.

In diabetes patients, lower gut Butyricicoccus and Ruminococcus torques marked diabetic retinopathy, and in a 2-year follow-up, low baseline Butyricicoccus and plasma acetate were prospectively linked to higher retinopathy incidence.

In hemodialysis patients, constipation was linked to lower and less even gut bacterial diversity. Enterococcus, Eggerthella, Prevotella_7 and other genera were enriched, while Kineothrix, Rhodopirellula and Weissella were depleted compared with hemodialysis patients without constipation.

Oral Bifidobacterium probiotics raised Treg, Tfr, and Breg cells and cut leptin nearly in half in gestational diabetes mice.

Found Finnish children enriched for Blautia and Bifidobacterium, while Indian children showed higher Prevotella and Megasphaera.

Children with functional constipation showed reduced gut microbial diversity and lower serum L-pipecolic acid. In loperamide-constipated mice, L-pipecolic acid restored fecal water content and intestinal transit, raised serotonin and 5-HT4R, and lowered aquaporin AQP3.

Among 84 adults with severe pneumonia, those positive for influenza virus had lung communities dominated by Acinetobacter baumannii, whereas influenza-negative patients were dominated by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Klebsiella was more abundant in the influenza-negative group.

In Crohn's disease patients, those with mental disorders had lower terminal ileal microbial diversity, enriched Prevotella, and depleted Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium. Tryptophan catabolites picolinic acid, kynurenic acid and nicotinic acid were altered, with picolinic acid tracking anxiety scores.

FMT from an APOEe2-protected elderly donor improved short-term recognition memory in 3xTgAD mice but paradoxically increased hippocampal neuroinflammation.